Some neuropathy pain might include damage to the nerves from high blood pressure, neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. Viruses like shingles, phantom limb pain, and post stroke pain can cause this. Alcohol ken Block nerve pain because it interrupts the signal that is sent to the brain. It can be done by injecting the substance into or around a nerve located in the spine. Lidocaine is a topical anesthetic that
Antidepressants on the other hand by balancing neurotransmitters such as serotonin and epinephrine witch can cause depression if not sufficiently balanced. Anxiolytic drugs are used to combat anxiety disorders one drug in this field is benzodiazepines (Bzs) they work by releasing more (GABA) witch slows down the nerve transmission calming people down. This drug is effective in areas such as phobias. Another biological therapy is ECT, it is a surgical based treatment commonly used on manic depressives who haven’t responded to antidepressants. This treatment is administrated to a patient by putting a patient into an unconscious state then passing a current of 0.6 amps through the brain.
Biological explanations of depression – (Biochemical) The biochemical explanation claims that depression is the cognitive state resulting from imbalances in brain chemistry that can be controlled in many cases by antidepressant drugs known as tricyclic drugs. However, it does not claim these imbalances are genetic in origin – and, indeed, they may be the consequence rather than the cause of some aspects of depression. There are three brain chemicals principally involved. These are noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine. Post-mortems of depressed people do not show abnormally low levels of noradrenalin.
Neurotransmitters such as these ones affect the limbic system which is the control centre in the brain for emotions and drive control. This theory is founded by the effectiveness of antidepressants which increase neurotransmitter levels and in turn, lesson symptoms of depression. This puts across the idea that low levels of serotonin may cause the disorder. Teuting et al's Research that also supports this theory. He carried out a study looking at the urine of depressed patients and found that they had distinctively low levels of a compound associated with serotonin, however this can be questioned at the research does not establish cause and effect, it is only correlation.
Depression is one of the most common medical illnesses in the United States. So common that it was given a nickname, “common cold.” Depression is more than just having the “blues’ being “down in the dumps” or experiencing temporary feelings of sadness we all have from time to time. It is in fact a serious condition that affects a person’s mind and body. Depression impacts all aspects of everyday life including eating, sleeping, working, relationships, and how a person thinks about him/herself. People who are clinically depressed cannot “will” themselves to feel better or just “snap out of it.” It takes a combination of prescribed medication, Natural remedies, and psychological help to fully treat Depression.
Impaired judgments due to decreased levels of inhibitions can lead to risky sexual activity. As well, those users that use intravenously increase their chances of contracting HEP B or C or HIV/AIDS. Crystal methamphetamine is not necessarily an aphrodisiac, but through increasing the level of dopamine through triggering the release of powerful brain chemicals, it may increase sex drive. Ironically, while desire and stamina are increased, it ultimately decreases the users’ sexual desirability and performance (PBS, n.d.). 6connected with the fact that crystal meth can suppress one’s appetite.
Users build up a tolerance and give way to a physical dependency upon the drug, making the addict need larger and larger doses. Also, once worn off, physical and psychological withdrawal set in. When a user cannot get narcotics, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, convulsions and severe pain can set in. Many people neglect their basic responsibilities such as eating. Narcotic addiction may cause collapsed veins, infections underneath the skin, pockets of infections in the heart and lungs, infection with hepatitis B and even HIV/AIDS.
Excretion: Changes in excretion may also affect serum drug levels. Herbals that can inhibit tubular uptake or in other ways that can interfere with the renal clearance of a drug should be considered as having potential to produce pharmacokinetic herbal-drug interactions. Herbal diuretics are quite weak and unlikely to cause large problems. However, for example, chronic ingestion of licorice may result in hypokalemia and water retention and accordingly may interfere with various medications including antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic agents. Pharmacodynamic
Bipolar I Disorder and the Diathesis-Stress Model Abnormal Psychology December 5, 2011 Professor James Morley People experience a wide range of emotions throughout ones life; it is simply a part of human nature. Feelings of depression, elevated levels of anxiety, and reckless behavior, are in fact, normal in brief stints, as it would be considerably unhealthy to stifle such emotions. However, in some instances “such moods swings become so prolonged and extreme that the person’s life is seriously disrupted” (Alloy, Manos, Riskind, 2005, p. 246). This is when a disorder becomes categorized as an illness, rather than simply the stresses of everyday life. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that involves both manic and depressive episodes.
Other ways of stress management include drugs; this is a physiological way of coping with stress. People may be prescribed benzodiazepines, these are used to increase the action of the neurotransmitter GABA, GABA reduces the activity of other neurotransmitters. This reduces the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin which is evidently related to anxiety. The best examples of these drugs are Librium, Valium and Mogadon. The downside to using these drugs is that they are physically and mentally addictive, and people may become dependent on them, they also only essentially mask the problem and do not solve it, but they are cheap and effective in the short term.