Through numerous examples, Institutional Racism demonstrates how inequality and racial exclusion are embedded within the fabric of American society. There are three key components to institutional racism; Economic privilege, social privilege and psychic reward (Better 2008). I would argue that Institutional racism started in American
“How is possible to have this tremendous degree of racial inequality in a country where most whites claim that race is no longer relevant?” (Bonilla-Silva 2) This is the question that drives Eduardo Bonilla-Silva to look further into the racial dynamic of the United States. Bonilla- Silva explains this issue of racism in terms of “color blindness”. He defines this “color blind racism” as a new racism ideology that stems from these powerful explanations that whites use for justifications for the racial inequalities that exist today. (Bonilla-Silva 3) Color-blind racism has become such a strong ideology that it is being used as a tool to keep minorities from reaching new heights. “Shielded by color blindness, whites can express resentment toward minorities; criticize their morality, values, and values and work ethic” (Bonilla-Silva 4).
Through the book it is clear that it was a large mixture of both racism and war hysteria, but I think it is more apparent that this was caused by racism that was given an excuse to be blatantly obvious. These can be proven through three main points of analysis, first how the laws allowed for discrimination against the Japanese second how many “westerners” had racist views of the immigrants and lastly how there was no movement of the sort until after the Pearl Harbor attack. The first point of analysis shows how the laws segregated and discriminated against the Japanese immigrants during WWII. Kessler paints a vivid picture of the racist laws new Japanese immigrants faced after coming to America. “But the Statue of Liberty showed her back to the Orient, and this was more than a symbolic gesture of exclusion.
Race has been defined as the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. This has produced the view that Euro-Americans’ social, cultural, and economic advantaged position must be maintained at the expense of others as the normal life. The influential power of race, gender and class are explained and illustrated through the collection of essays. The dynamics of power are divided based on different social classifications. Concrete Responses The essays included present a compelling but biased study within the context of class, race and gender.
Pre Encounter is associated with a worldview that contends that race is not salient to personality identity. Encounter is a status that is associated with confusion regarding the meaning of one’s race. Immersion-Emersion is associated with one identifying with Black culture and denigrating White culture. Internalization is associated with one internalizing Black culture, transcending racism and fighting general cultural oppression (Helms, J.E, & Parham, (1990). Anger is conceptualized as an instinctual drive (Hall, 1899) and Blacks are often stereotyped as angry and out of control with regard to their feelings and emotions (Franklin, 2004).
The US intervened because of this as there was a great fear of communism around at the time. McCarthyism had just become a major issue, with many government officials being accused of being communist and as Truman had lost China, Eisenhower knew that if he ‘lost’ Vietnam, then his popularity would suffer greatly as the US public would think he was soft on communism. As a result, he would not be re-elected. The domino theory was significant because if Indochina fell to communism then there was a risk of the US losing Japan, after the effort the US put into restoring Japan after WW2 and all the trade that came from Japan, the US couldn’t afford for Japan to be threatened. Another significant reason why the US intervened in South East Asia was the power vacuum after Dien Bien Phu.
After the war, there was still no liberty for blacks; in fact, the colonists disliked the idea of granting freedom to Blacks that they refused their offer to fight on the side of the patriots. George Washington had turned down the requests of blacks, seeking freedom, to fight in the Revolutionary army. Furthermore, many other rights, such as the right of, "no taxation without representation” was violated even after the war. Actually, after the war, the majority of the population still lacked representation, because voting was restricted to land owning, white males, which only made up a fraction of the population. "The Continental Congress, which governed the colonies through the war, was dominated by rich men.
It is difficult to spread new knowledge and technology into it and people inside refuse to learn new things. For instance, when western weapons and utensils were introduced in the 19 century, the conservative officials didn’t accept them and regarded them as something that were weird and impractical which was called qijiyinqiao(奇技淫巧) in Chinese. Therefore, the Forbidden City actually is a symbol of feudalism in China. It shows how traditional the old China was and the attitude adopted by the officials towards the foreigners and foreign advanced knowledge. The walls of the Forbidden City are meaningful as they seem to act as a barrier to segregate the inside and the outside world which makes China having no improvements throughout the hundred years.
Japan; From Isolation to Imperial Expansion Until the 1860s, powerful families and then shoguns (military generals) ruled Japan. Japan was isolated from much of the world between 1639 and 1853. During this time, foreigners were expelled and contact with the outside world was forbidden. However, there was contact with the Dutch and Chinese during this period for some trade. One of the reasons for this isolationist policy was Japan’s fear of European colonisation and to preserve the Japanese culture.
The Immigration struggle in America In “Guarding the Golden Door,” Roger Daniels [introduces readers] the complicated [history of] the rising conflicts in effect of the [immigration policy in the United States] by starting with the Chinese Exclusion Act since 1882 to 2002 (along with discussing the aftermath incident on 9/11). In the book there were controversial fears and arguments judging the immigrants based on their religion, race or ethnicity, commenting on how these groups were too different, and therefore cannot readjust into the American culture. Primarily, the U.S. immigration policy’s goal was to hinder it from happening, while ironically enable just the opposite. Almost all of the United States immigration policy has been created