Historical development to the present day . The people influential in its development Dr Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) and American Psychologist was the founder of Person Centred Counselling back in the 1950’s born in Oak Park Illinois. Rogers attended Teachers College at Columbia University where he engaged in child study. In 1930 Rogers served for the society for the prevention of cruelty to children in Rochester; where he went on to write The Clinical treatment of the problem child (1939), which was based on his experience in working with children. With the years’ experience of working with troubled children, Rogers was influenced in constructing his client-centred approach by the post-freudian psychotherapeutic practice of Otto Rank.
Also, the studies developing models of offences and offenders grouping depending on individual cases have grown over the past couple of years (Trojan & Salfati, 2008). At this point of development of sex offender taxonomic models, two things are clear for now. First, sexual deviance compound of various types of behaviours and those who behave that way are highly heterogeneous. Then, there are natural categories that reduce heterogeneity and so taxonomic models for sexual assault can be judged meaningfully only if attention is paid to the aim of each model. The problem to define sexual deviance is one of the biggest diffusive problems in the literature that tries to classify it (Ward, Laws & Hudson, 2003).
Can psychology be a science of the mind? American Psychologist, 45(1), 1210. Worthington, E. (2005). Hope focused marriage counseling: A guide to brief therapy (p. 197). Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity
More significant is that cases of cases of youthful offenders are on the rise on among the young female compared to their male counterparts and this situation is raising an alarm (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999). Children who are at the risk of offending in the future are treated separately from the adults. This is given special attention reason being that they require rehabilitation to get back from the bad behavior unlike adults who require punishment. Intervention facilitates in changing the antisocial characteristics which, if not
J., Weerman, F. M., Westenberg, P. M., & Bijlevelda, C. H. (2008). Early adolescence and delinquency: Levels of psychosocial development and self-control as an explanation of misbehaviour and delinquency. Psychology, Crime & Law, 14(4), 339-356. doi:10.1080/10683160701770070 Grimes, J. N. (2007). Review of 'Judging juveniles: Prosecuting adolescents in adult and juvenile courts'. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(8), 1089-1091. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9209-z Mears, Daniel P. (2001).
Specifically it: Requires more juvenile offenders to be try in adult court Requires that certain juvenile offenders be held in local or state correctional facilities Changes the types of probation available for juvenile felons Reduces confidentiality protections for juvenile offenders Increases penalties for gang-related crimes and require convicted gang members to register with local law enforcement agencies Increases criminal penalties for certain serious and violent offenses (www.lao.ca.gov) Rehabilitation The juvenile criminal justice system for rehabilitation is a basic system that helps with education, schooling, and a job training; basically giving the juveniles a second chance on life. The Juvenile Justice System is intended to have goals for their public safety as well treatment in California. When it comes to California State Juvenile Justice System are programs that deal with community supervision who handles the juveniles, detention, and incarceration. The goals in the juvenile justice system includes that schooling have social workers that help the youth out on life and organizations that each individual participates in. For a minor who is a juvenile victim is arrested than law enforcement
The new generation of reformers went beyond rejecting the paternalistic characterization of young offenders; some advocates for tough policies seemed to view juveniles involved in crime as more culpable and dangerous than adult criminals. The rehabilitative model of juvenile justice seemingly thrived during the first half of the twentieth century, but it began to unravel during the 1960s. Youth advocates challenged the constitutionality of informal delinquency proceedings, and in 1967, the Supreme Court agreed holding in In re Gault, that youths in juvenile court have a right to an attorney and other protections that criminal defendant’s
However it has recently came to question of whether this perception of dangerousness is supported. Is it true that once a sex offender always a sex offender? In this paper I will discuss the evidence about the commonness and nature of sexual offending, characteristics of sex offenders, recidivism rates among different kinds of sex offenders and the support of treatment programs. In most studies the sexual offenders term can be broken down into 3 different classifications. The first group is sexual offenders that commit crimes of sexual violence against adults.
If these statistics are ignored or downplayed, the probability of a full blown epidemic could become a reality. Safe sex practices should be cultivated early on in the life of a young adult to where those healthy practices are carried on throughout the individual’s life span. Engagement in risk behaviors peaks during adolescence. Adolescents are over-represented in nearly every category of risk behavior, such as drug use, alcohol consumption, smoking, skipping school, and unsafe sexual activities (Baumgartner, Valkenburg, & Peter, 2010). There are numerous advantages to practicing safe sex, the most important is that individual can expect a life free of sexually transmitted diseases that can cause various cancer like cervical cancer for women in the case of HPV, outbreak of herpes spores which can affect an individual for life, Hepatitis B and C, which can damage the liver and cause death and HIV which can lead to AIDS and eventually death.
Criminal justice agencies use electronic monitoring to keep track of offenders who are under house arrest, in pretrial release or on parole. Sometimes, electronic monitoring is used to monitor criminal’s movements within a prison or jail complex. Another use to electronic surveillance is monitoring sex offenders after they are release from prison. In July 2006 President Bush signed the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act. The act empowers the Justice Department to receive funds in order to help state and local governments provide sex offenders with electronic surveillance units.