uncontrollable, violent coughing which may last 6-10 wks *Clinical Manifestations: -1st Stage: mild URI, no-low grade fever, runny nose, water eyes and mild productive cough -2nd Stage: Cough changes, inspiration after each cough produces the typical whooping sound as pt tries to breath against an obstructed glottis. Vomiting may also occur w/coughing *Tx is abx to minimize symptoms and prevent spread of disease. Cough suppressants & antihistamines should not be used since they are ineffective & may induce coughing episodes. Check what ya know: (Answers at
Another type of lupus is drug-induced lupus erythematosus, or DILE (Lupus Foundation of America). This form of lupus is caused by certain prescription drugs, the most common being hydralazine, a drug that treats high blood pressure (Lupus Foundation of America). DILE has symptoms very similar to SLE, such as malaise, nausea, mouth sores, swollen lymph nodes, coughing blood, patchy skin color, and fatigue (CDC). The final and possibly worst form of lupus is neonatal lupus. Neonatal lupus occurs in infants whose mothers have lupus (New York Times Health Guide).
8. Subacute thyroiditis (deQueervain’s) is of suspected viral etiology. It is most common in young women. It is associated with painful enlargement of the thyroid, often associated with dysphagia and fever. A hyperthyroid state occurs in half of these patients and is transitory, lasting several weeks.
INCORRECT The most common type of cirrhosis worldwide is actually the result of hepatotoxins, such as viral hepatitis, which cause massive liver necrosis. C) All alcoholics will develop cirrhosis. INCORRECT No more than half of all alcoholics will develop Laennec's cirrhosis, which is the type of cirrhosis related to alcohol consumption. Laennec's cirrhosis is the most common form of cirrhosis in North America. D) Spouses of alcoholics are at risk for cirrhosis.
When a B cell reacts, it binds, engulfs and processes that antigen. Specificity, Diversity and Immunological memory are all parts of the Clonal Selection theory. Embryos contain many different lymphocytes, which are genetically programmed to recognize a particular antigen and make antibodies to destroy it. If the lymphocyte encounters and recognizes it after development is complete, it divides repeatedly to produce a clone. If during development it encounters its programmed antigen as part of a normal host substance, the lymphocyte is somehow destroyed.
These proinflammatory monocytes home to atherosclerotic lesions, where they propagate the innate immune response by expressing high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other macrophage mediators, including matrix metalloproteinases (Fig. 1, left). Recent evidence has also highlighted the potential participation of mast cells in atherosclerosis. Long identified as a minority leukocyte population in the arterial adventitia and atherosclerotic intima, mast cells exhibit numerous functions implicated in atherogenesis (14,15). For example, mast cells release vasoactive small molecules such as histamine and leukotrienes, certain serine proteinases, and heparin, a cofactor in growth factor action and angiogenesis.
According to the US National Library of Medicine, an allergy is an immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful. In the case of this article, the allergy was in fact a severe allergic response, or anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis, being a type I hypersensitivity, is very rare and can be lethal. Anaphylaxis is triggered when the allergen enters the bloodstream and will take effect in a matter of minutes or even seconds. The immune system is our defense against foreign bodies that enter.
The community nurse in any SARS outbreak should follow procedure to contact state and local health department by telephone, implement critical isolation safety measures of the affected persons, trace their contact path and call CDC at 770-488-7100. C1. Modification of care Asthma is a respiratory disease that affects the lungs of young children long term. It can also affect adults. Asthma has no cure but exacerbations which are called “asthma attacks” can be controlled with medicines such as inhalers or pills.
INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin is a platinum coordinated cytotoxic drug. It is very effective chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic testicular, ovarian carcinoma and in many other solid tumors [1]. Despite of its high therapeutic value, it has dose dependent nephrotoxicity. It has been reported that cisplatin causes acute renal injury after high dose of chemotherapy in 20% of patients developed various degree of renal dysfunction [2]. There is a high mortality and morbidity among patients with high renal insufficiency.
Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are a known side effect of many vaccines that are administered to humans. Anaphylaxis is a severe, multi-organ system reaction that can be life threatening. Anaphylaxis symptoms cause fever, swelling of throat and tongue, and shock. There are six types of vaccines that have caused anaphylaxis, including MMR, varicella zoster (chicken pox), influenza, hepatitis B, meningococcal, and tetanus containing vaccines. The varicella vaccine is known to cause the serious side effects in humans with immunodeficiencies, these side effects include infection after vaccination, pneumonia, encephalitis, and meningitis (Mercola, 2011).