Analysis ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why’

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ANALYSIS ‘What Lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why’ Edna St. Vincent Millay’s What Lips My Lips Have Kissed is a conventional Italian or Petrarchan sonnet – iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of abbaabba cdecde. It speaks of various loves coming to an end and the despair associated with those losses. Many different aspects of the sonnet's form are used to portray its distinct meaning, including its structure, the turns, the mood, and especially the powerful metaphor. Two of the major themes that this sonnet is centered around are change and loss. The theme of change is most obvious in the season imagery that Millay uses. The theme of loss is present throughout the majority of the sonnet but becomes most obvious in the last few lines. In this sonnet the octave has the traditional rhyme scheme of an Italian sonnet, but it is followed by a variation of the sestet and does not contain a rhyming couplet in the final two lines. The use of run-on lines cause the end rhymes to be lost in the middle of the sentences. This use of caesura and enjambment creates a flowing feeling as Millay describes her lovers. In the first octave Millay describes her experiences with love on a personal level, almost telling the reader her deepest feelings up front in a more concrete way. In the opening quatrain the speaker refers not to individual lovers but to lips that have met hers and arms that have supported her head. Millay admitted her free ranging sexuality. She complains not so much about her early promiscuity but about the passage of time. Her early loves are now ‘ghosts tonight, that tap and sigh’ (line 4). In line 7 and 8 she refers to them as ‘unremembered lads that not again/ Will turn to me at midnight with a cry’. Then there is a turn between lines eight and nine. The focus of the sonnet shifts away from Millay as she doesn't refer directly to herself. Instead she
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