Give examples of uneven development from an area where you live. Henri Lefebvre is a major theoretical figure in the development of urban political economy. What was his contributions to recent work in the new urban Sociology? Discuss his four ideas and explain how they are used in urban Sociology. 3) In “The Cultures of Cities” Sharon Zukin explores the importance of cultures on cities.
They are said to be ‘Ghosts’ trousers,like the dangle of hung men’. This means that the previous owners are probably dead. Line 7 ‘but none inside to suffer or condem’ is implying that the dead men’s souls are free of the social prejudice that they have received because of the part of the city they live in. This stanza gives a negative image of street, because of the poor people who have to work very hard to
On the other hand, Slessor’s poem “William Street” challenges the readers by attributing beauty to the urban setting of the city streets. The poem “Harbour Dusk” conveys sadness and demise that an individual can experience due to place. The persona
“Ash” could connote the remains of the dead or of a crumbling building, insinuating decay and sorrow. The metaphor “play fortresses” gives connotations of danger, suggesting the residents feel threatened by the outside world. This relates to the theme of violence and highlights a sense of detachment between the desolate flats and the rest of the world, again focusing on the main theme of
The narrator claims that the hallway of the building in which Winston lives “smelt of boiled cabbage and old rag mats”. This initial image exposes the dilapidating condition of this society, for it is a world that smells and is offensive to its citizens. Not only does this society offend the sense of sight. The imagery of the “rotting nineteenth – century homes,” suggest that the society of Oceania is not moving forward because it is still trapped in the past. The citizens of Oceania are made to feel the decay of the society in their own body.
Texts are often influenced by the values and attitudes of their authors, and always reflect the time in which they are composed. Christopher Isherwood's novel Goodbye to Berlin (1939) and Bob Fosse’s musical Cabaret (1972) are both texts that explore the economic, social and political unrest and internal decay of Berlin in the 1930s. Inflation, World War 1, the failure of the Weimar Republic and a hedonistic society form the context of Isherwood's stories. In contrast, Fosse transforms Isherwood's stories into another form of entertainment, Hollywood musical, and demonstrates how a shift in context to a 1970s audience with a post-holocaust retrospection accounts for a shift in values. An inverse relationship is developed between the two texts, which establishes the notion of the Nazis' rise to power and the pursuit of a decadent lifestyle Both Goodbye to Berlin and Cabaret reflect anti-Semitic values and the rise of Nazism in Berlin in the 1930’s.Goodbye to Berlin was written at a time of political and economic instability in Europe, particularly Germany.
During obsessed the time of 1950s, the paranoia regarding the threat of Communist infiltration and the subsequent corruption of the American way of life named the Red Scare and driven by Senator Joseph McCarthy. This caused people to be fearful of communism, the equality in everyone, and made them lose their individuality. The deadliness of the streets is evidenced by the use of metaphor, “and it was not unequal to walking through a graveyard.” By describing the streets as graveyard, it portrays that the citizens are dead and Leonard Mead is the only one alive, confirming the value of the sign of life coming from the various robots and devices that took over daily human routine. This idea is reinforced through the use of simile, “The tombs, ill-lit by television light, where the people sat like the dead, the gray or multi-coloured lights touching their faces.” This describes the life of the citizens as lifeless and asleep. This shows the power of technology as everyone is at home watching TV and refusing to do other things such as socialising or exercising.
The dark and gloomy mean streets emphasise the film noir aspects present in the film, and the slow eerie Vangelis music and constant acid rain is used by Scott to create a melancholy ambience. In contrast, the Tyrell Corporation is depicted as a majestic Mayan inspired pyramid. This dreary and depressing landscape shows audiences the impact of technology and mass consumerism on the environment. Both Brave New World and Blade Runner depict chilling dystopic futures where the materialistic scientific and economic ways of thinking have been allowed to quash the humanistic morals and values, in the name of progress. Through language features and film techniques, stark pitiful visions of a future devoid of nature and humanity are presented to question
In “Mugging,” Allen Ginsberg portrays the disempowered individual through a solitary man and his experience in a poor urban neighborhood of New York City. Although these authors set their stories in contrasting environments, both express how the postmodern world has overpowered the individual. Both Bradbury and Ginsberg employ images of death, reference the materialism in society, criticize the police force and create a feeling of dislocation thus promoting awareness and soul searching to the disempowered individual as a means to reclaim lost power. Bradbury and Ginsberg use images of death and decay to reveal the loss of self expression in the contemporary world thus challenging the postmodern man to seek a new way of living. Each author portrays society as lifeless and drained of
Woolf’s technique of multiple viewpoints and the representation of time and space in the novels is a modernist movement away from the depiction of realism in Victorian literature. Through an exploration of different techniques Woolf uses in Mrs. Dalloway, this essay will demonstrate how the physical representation of London’s characteristics are also a representation of the narrative characters themselves, and how the perceptions of these physical city traits reveal the features of the characters. Woolf uses a unique representation of space and time in the novel through the perception of multiple narratives. The representation of time and space is distorted and prolonged to the reader, as the descriptive narrative covering a scene, that would realistically last seconds in the characters mind, is described through pages of the novel. Big Ben, a symbol of England and its might ensures the passage of time through its reoccurring chimes, “There!