CJA/214 Due Date: April 15th, 2012 Sir Robert Peel on American Policing and its History Men’s preoccupations with maintaining the status quo of the society and the survival of the nucleus family are the essences for creating rules and procedures to punish, and rehabilitate offenders of the statutory laws created according to needs and times of the society. The need for social control dates back as early 2200 with the established Hammurabi Code by the Sumerian, with laws prescribing punishment for certain offenses. As towns became cities, cities became provinces, and provinces became countries, or states the laws became complex, and society needed provisions to implement and enforce the law. The Romans- of 510B.C.-the greatest empire still influencing super powers of today, developed the Praetorian Guards to protect the emperor and his empire, the Urban Cohort to police the city of Rome, and the vigils, firemen, to patrol the city of Rome at night, to maintain the vast conquering empire laws and procedures ("Troops In Rome", 1999). The monarchy of England also established two precepts of the criminal justice system of the present United States.
Sir Robert Peel- The impact on American Policing and History Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police in 1829 as he served as Home Secretary of England. Peel had many keys in policing and believed that prevention of criminal activities could be accomplished. His establishments nine principle of policing are still relevant today. Peel’s concept of prevention was community policing that has been implemented by other law enforcements across the country and was based on goals to prevent crime and obtain better community partnership. Community policing required special training in mediation and conflict, problem-solving and analysis, community organization, facilitation, communication, network, and linkages, and cross-cultural competency.
What they did to prevent that was a separate criminal as much as they could, more in isolation. This was also so that correct discipline could be practiced. (Foster, B (2006 chapter 2). They did this by enforcing rules to the prisoners. They had prisoners productively being active in labor, instead of sitting around as they did in the old prisons and jails (Foster, B (2006 chapter 2).
If any citizen tries to misuse his or her basic rights, or take away other citizens, law enforcement is required to take action on it. Individual citizens are empowered by knowing what their rights are because it can protect you from self-incrimination and, keep the criminal justice system from convicting and individual of something they did not do. It can also help you to not get arrested for something you did not do, Knowing what your rights are can also help you know what is criminal from not being criminal, and can keep you out of the criminal justice system. The role of the
Federalism, combined with the three governing branches, allowed for the states and central government to balance equal but separate power. Within this paper, I will attempt to explain the three branches of government, discuss the history and the formation of branches, provide their interactions within the system, discuss their successfulness, the characterizations of the branches then and now, and present possible ideas for a more efficient constitution. Before one can completely understand the sole purpose behind why the forefathers of the United States were compelled to form and divide a new government into three separate branches, one should become familiar with the meanings and functions of each branch. The Executive branch of the government is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land (USA.gov 2000-2012). The functions of law under the Executive branch, is administered and enforced by the United States President, who is first elected by the citizens of the country.
Additionally, it exercises power independently to avoid conflicting with the other branches. The Judiciary, legislative and the executive are the commonly known branches of government and which the constitution ensures that they do not conflict but work together to unify the country (Amar 39). Checks and balances is another aspect that explains the view of a constitution as a living document. This idea ensures that there is no branch within the government acting as though it is the most supreme than others. In this case it provides protection to the minority from being exploited or manipulated by the majority.
However, both principles function under one principle which is checks and balances. The second part of the U.S. Constitution focuses on individual rights and liberties. However, we will only be discussing the first part of the Constitution in this essay. The framers of the U.S. Constitution wanted to prevent the concentration of power into the hands of one individual, or even one group of individuals, within the national government. In order to accomplish their goal they decided it was necessary to divide the governmental functions into three: legislative, judicial, and executive.
Origins of American Criminal Law Keith Barham Dr. P.M. Lynch-Epps LEG 320: Criminal Law July 16, 2012 Strayer University Origins of American Criminal Law Abstract This paper covers four different parts that are crucial to the origins of American criminal law. The first part will consist of one Amendment of my choosing that is related to the protection of people, their property, or criminal law itself. The second part is on the specific powers that the federal government has been granted with to make criminal laws versus those our state governments have been granted with. The third part will define, compare and contrast the four main goals of our criminal justice system.
The English colonists brought a criminal justice system as part of their culture baggage. The English heritage contributed into three enduring features to American policing. The first tradition is limited policing authority. The Anglo American legal tradition put a high value on individual liberty and on governmental authority. In the United States, these limits were embodied in the Bill of Rights.
Criminal Justice System in America Joseph Dye CJA/204 12 March 2012 Mr. James Smith Criminal Justice System in America Crime – Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. (Criminal Justice Today, 2009 pg. 7) The criminal justice system in America is comprised of three main categories; Police, courts, and corrections. Each has a role to play in the safety of the public and how people interact with each other on daily basis. There is also a process by which each of these departments must conduct and govern themselves with in their own and as a group together.