The “1” or “2” is also represent the reaction is unimolecular or bimolecular reaction. The secondary alcohols are more favor to react with hydrogen halides by both SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. For primary or methyl alcohol, both molecules undergo SN1 mechanism while tertiary alcohol undergoes SN2 mechanism. The mechanism of this SN1 reaction involves three steps. First, is the rapid protonation of the alcohol, and then by the much slower rate-determining step, the loss of water to give a
A) B) C) D) E) 5. The IUPAC name for dimethyl ketone is A) 2-propanal. B) 3-propanal. C) 2-propanone. D) 1-propanone.
When referring to mass sum of the atomic masses of the atoms represented by the formula of a molecular substance, the correct term used is A. atomic mass B. formula weight C. molecular mass D. molecular weight 12. A mole of CO2 contians A. 6.02 x 1023 ions C. 6.02 x 1023 formula ions B. 6.02 x 1023 molecules D. 6.02 x 1023 atoms 13. The mass of the products in a chemical reaction depends on the amount of A. excess reactant B. limiting reactant C. oxidizing agent D. reducing subtannce 14.
2. Acetylation of p-methylaniline to create p-methylacetanilide. Here acetic anhydride will be used to prepare the nitrogen substituted acetamide. This is conducted to make the amine group, which is a very stong ortho and para directing activator on an aromatic ring, a lesser strength activator so that the oxidation of the methyl group can proceed. 3.
NADH dehydrogenase removes the electrons with the hydrogen atom from NADH. NADH dehydrogenase contains a flavin mononucleotide molecule that allows for the acceptance of electrons and a hydrogen from NADH. NADH dehydrogenase shuttles the hydrogen ion from NADH into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, then passes the electrons down the ETC cycle. NADH dehydrogenase contains an iron sulphur complex that allows transfer of electrons to coenzyme Q (CoQ) which is an intermediary complex between Complex 1 and Complex 3. An alternate name for Complex Q is Ubiquinone.
Atom Arrangement (shape) of the electron pairs around the atom Hybridisation of the atom Geometry around the atom N-1 Trigonal planar sp2 Angular/bent/V-shaped N-2 Tetrahedron sp3 Trigonal pyramidal C-3 Trigonal planar sp2 Trigonal planar C-4 Tetrahedron sp3 Tetrahedron The pKa of (the conjugate acid form at) N-1 is 3.12 and the pKa of (the conjugate acid form at) N-2 is 8.02. Draw the structure of the predominant form of nicotine that exists in the human body at pH 7.4. The pH is on the base side of 3.12 and so the conjugate base will predominate and the
Heroin, when it enters the brain transforms into morphine by changing is CH3COO( carbon bond with 3 hydrogens that is bonded to a carbon and 2 oxygens) arms for OH(oxygen bonded to a hydrogen) arms then enters the mu opioid receptors. The mu receptors are clumps of protein that take on a specific form for morphine and other drugs to fit in. Structure has a great importance in telling scientist why heroin is more potent than morphine. Heroin has a much larger structure than morphine but it is quite similar. Heroin's structure is larger due to the fact that it has several more elements than morphine has.
Which one of the following is an example of a balanced chemical reaction? • HCl + KMnO4 → Cl2 + MnO2 + 2H2O + KCl • 2HCl + 2KMnO4 → Cl2 + MnO2 + 2H2O + 2KCl • 6HCl + 2KMnO4 → 2Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2KCl • 8HCl + 2KMnO4 → 3Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2KCl 7. How many atoms are in one mole of CH3OH? • 6 • 6.0 x 1023 • 12.0 x 1023 • 3.6 x
When approaching the electrophile, the nucleophile comes from the opposite side of the leaving group (backside attack). As the nucleophile attaches, the leaving group simultaneously departs (concerted rxn), leaving a new molecule with an inverted stereocenter configuration from the original. Good leaving groups are those that are most easily replaced by the nucleophile, usually being weak bases and small in size (halogens). The weaker the base, the less inclined the leaving group is to ‘stick’ with the substrate and more likely it is to leave when a stronger nucleophile is introduced. Since SN2 reactions are concerted, the rate of the reaction can be directly related to the concentrations of the substrate and nucleophile (Rate = k[sub][nuc]) in solution.
8th Magnesium 12/5/11 Objectives: 1. Show the reactivity of Group 1A metals with water to produce hydrogen gas. 2. Demonstrate the dangerous dehydrogenation capability of sulfuric acid. Discussion: A and B are the elements while BC and AC are compounds.