Protestant reformation was a spiritual/ religion revelation that aimed to correct the problem of the Catholic Church/ pope. But people achieved alot from renaissance; it awakened the world from very long dark sleep. Renaissance was a time for learning and creativity. It was time from turning god to man. Middle ages had destroyed people dreams and forced them to live s meaningless pattern of life.
Martin Luther was a well-educated German monk who developed strong opinions against the Roman Catholic Church. Luther wanted an end to the greed which was leading the Church away from the true message of Christ. Luther attempted to allow christians to focus more God's mercy than his judgements. Martin Luther had strong foundations for a Reformation, which he never even planned on leading. Luther was confident and passionate about what he believed.
In the years 476 through 1450 Western Europe saw some drastic changes. Changes in the areas of Religion, Political Order, Economic Systems, and Social Order were the most important culture wise. Political Order changed greatly in this time period as Political Control shifted from the Roman Empire to the Roman Catholic Church. Before the fall of Rome, Western Europe was politically dominated by the declining Roman Empire. However, although the empire was in decline, it still had political dominance over Western Europe.
The Catholics may have been angry with the church but their church got reform and that’s what they wanted. The Catholic Church had no choice but to sale indulgence that was the pope’s orders and back in that time the Catholics followed the pope. The Catholic Church spent their money on unnecessary things. The church didn’t think wisely, but all of that changed because Martin Luther reformed the church and John Calvin helped. The pope lead the church and decided a person gets into heaven, but William Tyndale believes that if you believe in Jesus Christ as your Savoir then you’ll get into heaven, and I believe the same things as Tyndale, you shouldn’t have to prove yourself to the pope that you deserve to go to heaven and the pope shouldn’t get to decide.
It lead to the Latin west taking precious relics home and advocating their victory which they believed God had proclaimed to them, however Pope Innocent III debarred their actions and accused them of losing their purity and faith. The Crusades were informed by chivalric and religious ideals about the sanctity of certain types of violence throughout all crusades however the later crusades were a contradiction with horrible atrocities, attacks with the only purpose of wealth and fighting and attacking Christians. Bibliography Primary Sources De Villehardouin, Geoffrey, Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople, translation by Frank T. Marzials, London, 1908 Jonathan Riley- Smith, Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095 – 1274, London, 1981 Robert the Monk, Historia Hierosolymitana, Dana C. Munro, "Urban
The Roman Empire slowly faded away as well. The Roman Empire was split into two groups, the western (Catholic) and eastern (Orthodox). Both groups had to deal with “barbarian invasions”. Tribes would enter so often that they picked up on the Roman culture. Christian Europe inherited not only Roman traditions, but also ancient Greek culture.
Colonization in lands such as the North Atlantic by Scandinavia, the founding of Newfoundland by Leif Ericcson, and the expansion into Baltic lands led to the addition of the Roman Catholic Church territory. Reconquests of lands from the Muslims in the Mediterranean also led to much larger expansions into the lands of Italy and Spain. One of the most important islands was Sicily, which was conquered by the Guiscard brothers and was gradually displaced of Islam with the new introduction to Roman Catholic Christianity. Another conquest was the reconquista of Spain, who was originally an independent city state but then eventually became part of the whole Western Europe Empire after the encouragement from the Roman Catholic clergy to displace Muslims in these territories. One of the most important conquests that gained land for the empire were the crusades that mounted in an effort to recapture Palestine and Jerusalem, who was then Muslim territory.
Both men believed wholeheartedly that they were appointed to the position of overseer of the church by God. Gregory VII became upset when he learned of the appointing of the new Archbishop of Milan in 1075, the chaplain of King Henry IV. Gregory VII saw this as a prime example of how kings and emperors were taking advantage of their power in the church. Pope Gregory’s entire revolt was aimed at bringing simony to an end in the church. Simony was the buying and selling of anything considered spiritual (Miller 15).
There was a period where the aggressive and hostile papacy came into conflict with empires and monarchs that led to the East-West Schism of 1054. The papacy made strides to gain its independence from secular rulers. This was helped by the fact that the church was marshalling for the use of armed forces by Christians. The result of this was very intense and led to the increase in Christian piety and the interest of taking the Palestine from Muslims using the notion of “Just War”. The core of this school of thought was that non-Christians needed not to be forced to accept the religion or should they be physically humiliated for having a different faith apart from Christianity.
Christianity in Rome In Rome, emperors argued over the nature of Christ, which prolonged the integration of Christianity into the Roman Empire (118). As a result, Constantine called a meeting with the first “ecumenical” council, which included representatives of the world (118). Leading to the creation of the Council of Nicaea, which was a huge impact on the appeal of Christianity in Rome. Although many Romans were suspicious of the new religion which delayed full conversion, Christianity appealed to Roman authorities in the fourth century because of the uniformity it brought to the Roman religion. Fearing change, conservative Romans looked suspiciously at any religious advancement (Sherman 114).