Uncertainty in response rates and high probability of double entries which will introduce high significant error in the sampling and subsequently impair the quality of data. • Subjectivity in the Interview. These will be mitigated by well-organized questionnaire and the inherent subjectivity or Biasness can be mitigated by well –structured training for the data collectors and respondent by using a standardized interview protocol. In addition, technology and solid program can be used to mitigate this. Examples of such are computer-assisted survey information collection (CASIC) which brings onboard higher data quality , privacy of the respondent and error elimination during data processing.
Psychology Qualitative research collects information that is not in numerical form. For example, diary accounts, open-ended questionnaires, unstructured interviews and unstructured observations. Qualitative data is usually descriptive data and is harder to analyze than quantitative data. Qualitative research is useful for studies at the individual level and to find out the ways in which people think or feel. (Example case studies) Analysis of qualitative data is difficult and requires accurate description of participant responses, also data and great care must be taken when doing so, for example; looking for symptoms of mental illness.
Qualitative researches are more for exploratory purposes, the researches allow the data to take them on different directions. Because these are more open to different interpretations, qualitative researches may lead to accusation of bias or personal subjectivity. In quantitative researches the reasoning is logistic and deductive whereas in qualitative researches the research is
This is why it is mandatory to check over collected data. * Interpretation: The researcher depend on the layout and presentation of the data because it important to have textual evidence rather than numerical data * Case study method: This method consists of one or several small cases which includes a lot of research. This study involves a lot of quantitative data but entails both qualitative and quantitative data most times. * Grounded theory: Qualitative data is collected to test hypotheses and the theory is built from grounded data. Seeing that qualitative research involves the observation of human performance or behavior, and because the human emotions shift from time to time, it becomes difficult to make proper generalization which then
Without our memory it would make our living our everyday lives extremely difficult. The memory helps us process and recall important event, facts and allows us to learn and retain information both in the past and the future. A mental image is formed when we use or create a picture and use that picture to retain information. It is said within starting with psychology 2011 ‘that the more colourful, bizarre and complicated the image is, the more likely it is that we will be able to retain, store and recall it later. An example of this in Spoors et al (2011)’ is the use of the bell which produces an unpleasant smell which was used to remember the word ‘poobelle’ a word that apparently means bin in French.
The distinction is made that in an interview the people involved can clarify and describe answers while, in a survey or questionnaire the participant is constrained to the descriptions provided which will be the same for each person. Due to the difference in received information qualitative data tends to be more subjective while quantitative data tends to be more objective. (Experiment
Lacking proper terminology while conducting criminal justice research can be very detrimental to a person’s work, advancement, and career. When an individual is evaluating and analyzing research studies, knowing the terminology associated, will make it easier to complete. Within the research process there are many steps to be completed to be successful. In a criminal justice career some general steps in research are problem formulation, research design, data collection methods, analysis, and presentation of findings, and conclusions, interpretations, and limitations (Hagan, p. 19). Some of the new terminologies obtained from studies in the criminal justice profession are terms such as “Research shock, researchese, concepts, operationalization, dependent and independent variables, theories, and hypothesis (Hagan, p. 15).
The use of figurative languages could be considered a double edged sword when it comes to engaging in productive thinking. While the use of them may seem pertinent at the time, sometimes the meanings of the words are lost on those that are conducting a brainstorming session with you, and force the group to think harder as a whole to try and understand the reasoning behind the use of the word. Below are definitions and examples of figurative languages that could be misconstrued or misunderstood when engaging in productive thinking exercises. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own. Idioms exist in every language.
Internal inconsistencies in the study reveal that the validity of some of the findings is questionable. The paper concludes by suggesting the necessity for combining - or sequentially chaining - different methods in research of this kind. Introduction Qualitative studies in psychology can be fascinating and insightful but they may leave readers with a quantitative disposition worrying about the generality of their findings. Quantitative studies, on the other hand, whilst providing data from larger and more representative samples, seem more mechanical and arid to qualitative researchers. But both methods have advantages and disadvantages (see e.g.,
There are level of statistical methods, however, that break-down such data even further with specific formulas and intends behind them—one of them being an even easier way summarize the research in order to conclude it. The two main statistical methods use within psychological research are descriptive and inferential statistics. These methods can be presented in different forms—depending upon the level of information required to summarize. “Statistics is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the organization, analysis, and interpretation of a group of numbers” (Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Coups, E. 2009). Statistics are a method of finding the truth and psychologist use statistical methods to help them make sense of the numbers that collect during their experiments and research and is the essence of human evolution and psychology of science.