Federal Government: of, relating to, or noting such a central government 4. Unitary Government: form of government where the powers of all local governments are specified by a single national government 5 Confederal Government: of, relating to, or involving two or more nations 6. Free Enterprise system: an economic system in which commercial organizations compete forprofit with little state control 7. Mixed Economy: an economy in which there are elements of both public and privateenterprise Direct Democracy v. Representative Democracy: Describe the following forms of government in your own words. 1.
A state constitution is interpreted separately from, yet in line with our federal constitution. Every state has their own statutes. Just as in Federal courts every state has its own system with appellate courts and trial courts. Precedents are derived and set from the proceedings in these courts. Also they have their own administrative and executive agencies that make rules and regulations the citizens of that state must abide
They and only they created law, in a pure absolutist state. The monarch would control the armies, regulate religious order, and bargain with nobility. Constitutionalism was based on agreed law through the parliament, balanced between government power and rights of the people. The parliament, consisting of the sovereign, is where the power resides in a constitutional state. The majority of power stands in the electorate and its representatives.
A core principle of the United Kingdom’s (UK) unwritten constitution is the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty - described by British constitutional scholar Albert Venn Dicey as the ‘keystone of the law of the constitution’ . Dicey defines parliamentary sovereignty as follows: ‘The principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty means neither more nor less than this, namely that Parliament thus defined has, under the English constitution, the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and, further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament’. Dicey’s account of parliamentary sovereignty consists of a positive and a negative limb. The positive aspect is that Parliament, as the supreme law-making body of the UK, has the ability to legislate on anything it wants. The negative aspect is that once an Act of Parliament has received Royal Assent, no person or body can question its validity, not even the courts.
United States Court Systems Melissa Graham Kaplan University PA 101 Unit 3 United States Court Systems Federalism in the United States, set forth by the U.S. Constitution, divides powers between the national and state governments. Within this division of power dwells a separate tier system for both federal and state courts, each holding supremacy over their reserved jurisdictions. The Federal Courts The federal courts system consists of a three tier structure of the Trial Courts, Intermediate Courts and the U.S. Supreme Court or Highest Court. Under the umbrella of this structure are the “Article III courts”, as delegated in Article III of U.S. Constitution, known as the Special Federal Courts, U.S. District Courts and the U.S. Courts of Appeals (United States Courts, n.d.). The President of the United States appoints all judges which must be expressly approved by the Senate.
A government refers to the legislatures and administrators who control a state at any given time, and is the system of government by which they are organized. Governments enforce policies, as well as determining what should be put into policy. Each government is made up of individuals who exercise control over political decision making and policy making. The function of government is to enforce laws, legislate new ones, and control conflict. The government is in certain ways a means of controlling the people of the respective countries, and making sure the people have specific rights.
Federalism is a theory of government by which political power is divided between a national government and state government, each having their own area of substantive jurisdiction. Federalism involves a degree of decentralisation. Decentralisation is the principle by which governmental and political power is vested not only in the federal government, but also in the state governments. Although in the Constitution, nowhere is it directly stated that the government shall pertain to the idea of federalism, it did reference the enumerated powers of the 3 branches of the federal government for example, Congress was to "coin money", and the President was to be the "Commander in Chief." It was also included in the implied powers of the federal government eg Congress's powers' to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers."
Each state would have considerable control over their own affairs and decided their own form of government. For Example Bavaria and Saxony were ruled by kings. the Federal government had three branches to it. The first part was the Presidency which was help by the King of Prussia, as known as German Emperor. The German Emperor has considerable powers, he had personal control over the armed forces and he could appoint and dismiss all ministers including the Chancellor.
Federalism is the theory of government by which political power is divided between a national government and state government, each having their own area of substantive jurisdiction. Within US politics, this refers to the 2 layers of government designed to demonstrate national unity while accommodating for regional diversity. The theory of federalism in the USA represents ‘E Pluribus Unum’ and K.C Wheare describes the system as “The method of dividing powers so that the general and regional governments are each, within a sphere, co-ordinate and independent.” Despite the aims of federalism, there are a number of consequences. Firstly, there are legal consequences. Throughout the USA, there is a huge variety in state laws on such matters as the age at which people can marry, drive a car and have to attend school.
It provides one control policy for the entire nation unlike the United States, which uses a federal government system, where there is one federal government for the nation, but each state has its own government as well to show sovereignty of the states. In a unitary government, there is not much distribution of powers to any separate local governments as the entire nation is called to follow one rule under one main government. The central government has the task of managing the national-level issues, which can include foreign policies, economy, as well as national defense. (Russel) However minuscule differences do lie where France carries administrative subdivisions. (Evans) There are subdivisions that portray numerous legal functions, as the main central government is not allowed to interrupt in their operations.