Another goal of this study was to support the importance of relationships between siblings and the impact that placement in foster care (separate or apart) may have on that relationship. The study did have limitations; it ignored other family influences such as parenting, birth order, and gender differences. Positivity and negativity were assessed as separate entities in the sibling relationship. It would be helpful in future research to balance between those two entities in respect to the relationship between the siblings. The study has given insight as to how negative sibling relationships can adversely affect adjustment in foster care and how positivity between siblings can help ease behavioral problems and
Infants in biologically organize their attachment behaviors around the availability of their caregivers. When infants find caregivers to be available in times of need, they tend to develop expectations that caregivers will be there in the future of times needed in the future. Behaviorally, these infants then seek out the comfort they need (Sroufe, 1989) from caregivers with confident expectations that they will be soothed. Such infants are categorized as having secure attachments to caregivers. When caregivers are not responsive to infants’ needs or there are many different caregivers in an infants’ life, infants can develop an insecurity to bond because they cannot identify who the main caregiver is supposed
The use of structure assessment tool inform decisions about the most effective way to meet the young person’s needs Mitchell (2006) This scale was used however to gain a basic knowledge of outcome whilst not overlooking the family meetings as a measure of outcome. The scale has been negatively described before as having this and this. It is important to consider to what extent changed on an outcome measure indicate a change thta children and their families’ expirence as meaningful. Camhs working realies heaily upon user interaction so and so say of this practice ‘rating of complaints defined by the patient is a type of individualised scale that may be used as an outcome measure and may be very meaningful in clinical
Bowlby’s theory is an evolutionary approach to attachment. These attachment behaviours are displayed to ensure the survival of the infant. It is also an instinct for the parent to make an attachment. He states that infants are born with social releasers for example crying, smiling, a cute face with big eyes and a small nose. These social releasers encourage the care giver to provide care.
Outline and evaluate Bowlby’s theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby believed that the strong, emotional, reciprocal bong between an infant and its caregiver which is formed over time is part of an evolutionary behaviour and that human babies have an innate tendency to establish this bond with their caregiver which aids survival and reproductive potential. In his theory, Bowlby applied the principles of imprinting to human attachment but instead used the term attachment as this process in humans is much more complex and more of a social and emotional bond than imprinting. One of Bowlby’s main evolutionary ideas amongst his theory’s is that babies possess innate characteristics that encourage the caregiver to look after them which he called social releasing factors. This included things such as big eyes, little noses, rosebud mouths, crying and smiling which encourage the caregiver to look after them and according to Bowlby, mothers especially possess instincts designed to protect their baby from harm and to nurture them to ensure survival to reach maturity. Another important evolutionary concept in Bowlby’s theory was the idea of monotropy where infants form an attachment to one primary caregiver which is usually the biological mother.
Describe and evaluate Bowlby’s theory of attachment Bowlby’s theory of attachment argues that attachment is adaptive and innate. He believes that infants are all born with an innate need to form attachments because they enable survival. He states that attachment promotes survival in 3 ways; Proximity to an adult provides safety (for example, protection against predators, food and warmth etc. ), it provides a secure base for exploration (and fosters cognitive development and independence) and the internal working model (a schema that gives the infant a basis for future relationships). He also states that infants will form one bond that is more important than all others (Montrophy) and this is linked to the continuity hypothesis.
The child is given information about themselves A study supporting bowlby’s theory is McCarthy. He found that avoidant-insecure infants were more likely to have romantic problems later on in life, and that resistant insecure infants were more likely to have friendship problems. This supports the continuity hypothesis. However, Rutter et al contradicts Bowlbys theory as he found that adopted or abandoned infants were able to form attachments later in life, in effect this contradicts the existence of the critical period. Bowlbys theory is deterministic, as it states that our behaviour in adulthood is a result of
It is then repeatedly used but often has a damaging effect on the person. This can be identified as being deliberate or intentional behaviour that has a clear, definite or probably negative effect. People are more likely to have a self-defeating or destructive manner when either there are threats made to their egos or when they have low self-esteem. When people have low self-esteem they are more likely to be susceptible to having depression, anxiety and emotional distress, which are problems that are usually directly related to low self-appraisal. There are many examples of self-defeating behaviours like, being needy, guilty, envious, angry, obsessive, rebellious, addictions, eating disorders, procrastination, controlling, gossiping, self-doubt and depression.
And the impact it has in the way we relate to others as adults. To begin to understand the attachment theory one must first understand and have a clear definition of what attachment is. Attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver. The attachment theory talks about the early significance and developments of attachment between infants and their mothers. Bowlby’s primary thesis is that the success of all relationships or attachments in life is dependent of the success of the first one, namely, of the bond between the infant or small child and his mother or primary caregiver.
He thereby revolutionised our thinking about a child’s tie to the mother and its disruption through separation, deprivation, and bereavement. Mary Ainsworth’s innovative methodology not only made it possible to test some of Bowlby’s ideas empirically but also helped expand the theory itself and is responsible for some of the new directions it is now taking. Ainsworth contributed the concept of the attachment figure as a secure base from which an infant can explore the world. In addition, she formulated the concept of maternal sensitivity to infant signals and its role in the development of infant-mother attachment patterns. His theories on attachment and on maternal deprivation have been some of the most influential writings on the topic.