In this process individuals compare their description of themselves as they are, with their description of themselves as they would like to become. Self-esteem depends then on the ability to live up to one's ideals. Self-esteem: The term self-esteem is used in psychology to describe a person's overall emotional evaluation of their own worthiness. The concept of self esteem assumes that the result of this reflection determines further the attitude towards the self, affecting the individual in aspects like motivation, attitudes, confidence and the overall emotional well being. Some theories suggest that self-esteem is a basic human need or motivation.
Assignment 207 Understand person centred approaches in adult social care settings Bix Explain how the self-esteem of an individual using the service is linked to their well being A person with a low self-esteem is more likely to have negative thoughts about themselves. This has a knock on effect of low confidence which could lead to a person behaving in a way that may cause others people to reinforce this low opinion of them. This will help to increase those negative feelings. It is a vicious circle. These negative feelings can also determine how well a person is feeling physically.
Explain their own philosophical approach to counselling Where I am in my training I feel that I have a good understanding of the person centred approach to counselling. At the moment I don’t feel I have a deep enough knowledge of the other theories to relate to them. Person centred approach appeals to me for a number of reasons; firstly I believe that each person has within them the ability to become the best possible version of them. I feel that this is an important part of the theory. “The actualising tendency refers to the tendency in all forms of organic life towards more complex organisation, the fulfilment of potential, and in human beings, the actualisation of the whole person including the persons self” (Merry 2002).
To which the id demands pleasure and satisfaction, the ego deals with the demands from the id and superego, and the superego is the ethical element which is the conscience and may produce feelings of guilt. The Behaviorism perspective is where any physical action is a behavior which everything that is living does such as acting, thinking, and feeling. Arthur W. Staats’ merges psychological concepts like personality within a behavioral model like Basic Behavioral Repertoires. Humanistic Perspective is the positive image of what it means to be a human being. The ones who theorize the humanistic perspective focus mostly on methods that allow fulfillment of potential.
You would have to rely on the patient giving you the information for it not is socially desirable or have demand characteristics. On the other hand, it is better than individual differences as people may have the same thought patterns and processes. You can only obtain this information by self reports, which would probably give both of those issues; social desirability and demand characteristics. These would affect your results and therefore they would not be reliable or valid. If you were using the cognitive approach you would only get qualitative data which could be a problem as not everyone interprets the same answer in the same way.
Also it's important to know that there are two types of stress, eustress, good stress and distress, not so good stress. Coping is using sensible effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to overcome, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict. The term coping generally refers to adaptive or constructive coping strategies, ones that reduce stress levels. However, some coping strategies can be considered maladaptive, stress levels increase. Coping responses are partly controlled by personality, but also by the social context, particularly the nature of the stressful environment.
Having Fun With Operational Definitions Adapted from teachpsychscience.org Directions: Identify and operationally define the independent and dependent variables in each of the following research ideas. Research Idea #1: A social psychologist was interested in whether people are more likely to exhibit conformity when they are in situations that make them feel nervous and unsure of themselves. What is the independent variable? How would you define it operationally? What is the dependent variable?
Results and conclusion of study demonstrates that cognitive behavioural therapies in particular issues can help in prevention and treatment of the attachment style clients suffering from self-esteem issues. Attachment can be described as an emotional link that connects one person with another. Theories determine that attachment is highly fundamental as it ensure the chances of clients’ survival and have higher impacts on client behaviour. There are number of extensive
Carl Rogers states ‘ The organism has one basic tendency and striving- to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism’ (Rogers, 1951, p487). But for a person to be able to grow and self- actualise they need to be in an environment that provides them with congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy. The Psychodynamic Theory works with feelings that are in the unconscious mind, the subconscious and it is about going back into the clients past and understanding the causes of their beliefs, ways they then behave, thoughts and feelings. People throughout their lives may build up shields to mask these painful feelings, but they still will affect the way the person is as they are often hard to face. These shields are demonstrated in behaviour.
On the other hand, cognitivists believe that by reflecting on our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world. Though theses two schools of psychology are very much different, they do have their similarities. Behaviorism and cognitivism are similar in that they both attempt to explain and describe how learning occurs in individuals. Both are also valuable learning theories. They observe the response individuals make to different situations or different conditions.