INTRODUCTION Segmental bone defects can occur due to various etiologies and are complex tiring problem to deal with, for the surgeon, as well as for the patient. Bone defects can occur due to trauma, bone infection, congenital defects, excision of malignant tumors. Due to considerable long term morbidity, historically, amputation was the preferred treatment. Limb salvage has been tried with the use of bone grafts, bone transport and acute limb shortening. Vascularised bone grafting is technically demanding.
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME 1 Compartment Syndrome Shannin Daniels ENGL 135 Professor Erikson August 18, 2010 COMPARTMENT 2 Compartment syndrome is a devastating side effect of orthopedic injuries, crush injuries and trauma. The injury at the cellular level is amazing. What the muscle goes through following one of these injuries is complex. Having a diagnosis quickly can mean the difference between surgery to relieve pressure to amputation. The trauma of surgery followed by probable skin grafting can be devastating also.
Bone formation in patients with Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva happens when injured connective tissue or muscle cells at the injury or growth have the wrong enzyme present for bone repair during apoptosis (self-regulated cell death), resulting in lymphocytes containing large amounts of bone morphogenetic proteins. These bones are separate from the normal skeleton, forming its own skeletal elements. These elements can fuse together with normal skeletal bone. The diaphragm, tongue, and extra-ocular muscles aren’t effected, neither is cardiac and smooth muscle tissues. Because the disease is so rare, the symptoms are often misdiagnosed as cancer or fibrosis.
Myofascial pain syndrome 9. Lack of overbite or cuspid protected occlusion will result in excessive forces directed to posterior teeth and hence, more stress to muscles of mastication 10. Clenching from stress or anger and this will result in a common complaint of "sore jaws" noticed when one first awakens in morning. TMJD can be treated by: Restoration of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth If the occlusal surfaces of the teeth or the supporting structures have been altered due to inappropriate dental treatment, periodontal disease, or trauma, the proper occlusion may need to be
This is why individuals must never be dragged when being moved as this can cause joints to over stretch and then sprain the ligaments. Muscles work by the fibres they contain contracting; this makes the muscle shorten. When the muscle shortens it pulls on the tendon and then on the bone to which it is attached. Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. When an individual is moved and positioned it is important this happens smoothly.
Past dental history revealed gradually enlarging painless swelling in the hard palate region on the right side noticed before 18 months. Later on she was diagnosed as a case of ameloblastic fibroma and subtotal maxillectomy of right side was performed 15 months back. Extraoral examination revealed gross asymmetry of the face due to mid facial defect on the right side and upward deviation of the lip line towards the right side producing an unesthetic appearance. Intraoral examination revealed an Aramany class I defect on the right side involving the entire alveolar process and hard palate on the right side and part of soft palate. 13 As a prosthetic protocol, immediate surgical obturator & an interim obturator was fabricated and inserted.
This complication may occur if the spinal cord's surrounding membrane is torn or punctured, or if it ruptures. In many cases this complication is noticed during the spinal-cord surgery and corrected right away. However, if it is not corrected during surgery, it can lead to serious complications such as a spinal infection or chronic headaches, and will need an additional spinal-cord surgery to be corrected. Nerve Damage Nerve damage is a possible complication of spinal-cord surgery. This complication can occur during the surgery and one or more nerves can be affected.
High-energy trauma may futher complicate the treatment, as there is higher chance of fracture displacement or present of comminution, soft tissue injury usually massive. There will be other associated injuries such as polytrauma or polyfracture as well. These will directly influence treatment approach and may increase risk of unsatisfactory outcome. Talar body mainly supply by artery branches entering beneath the talar neck, hence any displacement of talar neck resulting from fracture may compromised the blood supply and lead to talar AVN. Moreover, lacking of soft tissue envelope increases the rate of soft tissue
Radiographs are a typical testing aid that are normal in determining ACL injury, with lateral marginal fractures being a common characteristic of a tear. This device may also depict a lateral notch sign (an exaggeration of normal indentation), on the lateral femoral condyle (Bach). Lastly, there is always an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) that is quite commonly used for an ACL injury if the diagnosis of the tear is unclear (Cameron). The care and treatment of a torn ACL is extremely crucial to the future capabilities and functions of the knee joint and it’s surrounding muscles. Initial care following an injury should consist of ice, compression, elevation, and unweighting (using crutches), continuing to use these measures until the swelling and spasm within the surrounding muscle subside (Griffin).
Orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) pertain to a variety of functional disorders of the face particularly involving the function and muscles of the tongue, lips, cheeks and jaw. The key distinguishing trait is a protruding tongue with thrusting movement. Tongue thrust refers to the tongue resting against the front or side of teeth while swallowing instead of lifting up into the palate. It is prevalent to see this protruding thrusting tongue in infancy and in about ½ of first graders; however, as time progresses it should gradually go away. To elaborate on orofacial myofunctional disorders, I will include a brief history of how OMD was discovered, how it is caused, how it is diagnosed, related signs and symptoms, treatment and finally