The Biopsychosocial Model of Addiciton was developed to explain the complex interaction between the biological, psychological, and social aspects of addiction. Environmental Factors: Ready access to the substance or experience, Abusive or neglectful home environment, Peer norms, Membership in an oppressed or marginalized group, Chronic or acute stressors Physchological Factors may make some people more prone to addiction than others. Having low self-esteem, poor coping skills, or a tendency toward risk-taking behavioe may put you at higher risk of developing an addiction than someone without these
Too much of anything can produce an addiction whether its drugs, food, gambling, or even the internet. However the effect that alcohol and drugs produces can cause loss of productivity and physical dependence. Within addiction its primary feature is that the addict shows psychological dependence on the addiction and without the substance they are unable to maintain a normal life. When addicts become extremely dependant on drugs it causes loss of sense of reality and the withdrawal symptoms can cause a psychological change in the body resulting in pain or even medical
Outline and evaluate two risk factors of addiction (10) One risk factor to developing an addiction is peer pressure. Peers influence attitudes and consequently alter behaviour of a certain individual, particularly at younger age. Peers will create positive attitudes towards the addictive behaviour favoured by the group e.g. smoking, which means that the individual is more likely to conform to that behaviour. Most people will conform to the group activities as they have a desire to be accepted and avoid rejection.
Comparison of Model Comparison of Model Paper Melanie Smith PCN 501 Grand Canyon University Kenneth Hall June 17, 2013 This comparison model paper is designed to look at both a psychological and neurobiological approach to addictions. Each model is designed to look at how a person can become or recover from addiction, and what are the underlying factors that cause the addiction. Learning Model The learning model dates back to Pavlov and Skinner, with a take on classical conditioning, and operant conditioning. Research shows that that with the use of psychoactive drugs produces a variety of learned behaviors (O'Brien, Childress, & McLellean, Ehrman, 1992). Clinical studies have shown that in “cocaine addicts produced evidence
My cousin has shamed many of us by stealing, lying, prostituting, and many other acts I care not to share. So, this topic has influenced me to research and find information that can help individuals such as my cousin. A research study called the Substance Abuse Policy Research Program (SAPRP) is to fund substance abuse policy research that can help reduce the harm caused by the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in the United States. The morbidity and mortality from tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and other drugs are staggering, as are the direct and indirect costs to society. These costs include violence, crime, overburdened service systems, reduced productivity, and higher health care
The fact that both twins wouldn’t always develop schizophrenia means that another factor must be involved, for example family environment. Too much or too little of a particular neurotransmitter may produce psychological disorders. For example, an increased level of dopamine is linked to schizophrenia, and drugs like cocaine, which increase dopamine levels, can lead to schizophrenia like problems. Also, depression can be effectively managed and often treated with drugs that manage serotonin levels in the brain. However, Watson et al found that low serotonin levels may in fact be due to environmental factors.
More over, drugs can also make them who use drugs become addicted. Therefore, smoking can be categorized as an activity related with the drug use for the effects caused by smoking have the similarity as drugs itself. Like we can read on the following quotation taken from www.drugrehabtreatment.com/just-say-no.html
Many addicted people have many issues in their life that lead them to be alcohol or drug abusers such as financial, job, relationship problems, or any other stress issues. Addicted people can recover, as soon as they decide to, by quitting the manner by themselves or going to a rehab. Margaret Wente wrote an article “Is addiction really a disease?” in The Globe And Mail newspaper, it was mentioned in the article about a study that was done in the U.S. “soldiers who became addicted to heroin in Vietnam, no more than 12 percent stayed hooked after they got home.” That means, any individual who decided to quit can quit. another article was wrote about “Addiction is a Brain Disease” by Alan I. Leshner, MD, said that addiction for long period of time may cause “changes brain structure and function in fundamental and long-lasting ways that can persist long after the individual stops using them.” This brain changes change the individual social and psychological behaviour over time and lead some to go back to be drug abuser again. By looking at the YouTube video called “Ethics - Drug Use and Abuse“, the presenter discusses the limiting of an individual’s liberty, and mentions both advantages and disadvantages of the issue of legalizing marijuana; however, he leaves questions unanswered.
They were unable to pay attention to their school work. It was told that to identify a crack baby would be easy as they look look moodier, sicker and who are less social than other infants. Even though White Americans use twice the amount of cocaine than African American, mostly the Crack image referred to the African Americans. In fact the professor rephrased “ I have never seen an article or any news about White Crack babies”. The image of Crack babies in the mind of people are only with regards to those babies of the African American crack users.
Explain factors related to the development of substance abuse or addictive behaviour & examine prevention strategies and treatments for substance abuse and addictive behaviour (22 marks) A substance is anything that people can ingest to alter mood, cognition or behaviour: specifically to induce feelings of self-confidence, fun or relaxation. However, there is an issue with ‘substances’, in that they can often cause a dependence or addiction. An addiction can be described as the behavioural and other responses that include compulsion to certain substances continuously, in order to avoid psychological and physiological deficits in the absence of the substance: namely discomfort, anxiety etc. An addiction may relate to anything in one’s life which may cause the process of uncontrollable usage. This essay shall seek to outline the key reasons for development of a substance abuse, whilst assessing the prevention strategies and treatment for the subsequent substance abuses and addictive behaviours - with key reference to smoking and addiction to nicotine.