The Biopsychosocial Model of Addiciton was developed to explain the complex interaction between the biological, psychological, and social aspects of addiction. Environmental Factors: Ready access to the substance or experience, Abusive or neglectful home environment, Peer norms, Membership in an oppressed or marginalized group, Chronic or acute stressors Physchological Factors may make some people more prone to addiction than others. Having low self-esteem, poor coping skills, or a tendency toward risk-taking behavioe may put you at higher risk of developing an addiction than someone without these
Addiction Counseling Sharon Allen Liberty University Abstract In the latest research on, alcoholism, the American Psychological Association regard it as culturally neutral. So it’s important that when the client is being treated for this disease that the counselor does it without regard for their race or ethnicity. As the population diversity grow, the way the counselor treat this disorder had to change. Different racial background would encountered issues of the treatment. There are so many negative emotions that contribute to this disease such as parental alcoholism, self-esteem, peer pressure, stress, trauma and mental health issues.
As well as that, there was a very bad harvest in 1621 which caused widespread distress and finally there was wide support for anti-Spanish foreign policy. This meant that money was already short and James had to accept this, but he was a very extravagant king and would struggle to come to terms with not being able to have everything he wanted. Stress would have been a big factor and tension would have been big between the king and Parliament. A main reason that James felt the royal prerogative was under threat in the 1621 Parliament is because of monopolies. Monopolists such as Sir Giles Mompesson and Sir Francis Mithcell were impeached for their corrupt practices in monopolies such as licensing alehouses where many of these alehouses were illegal gambling dens or partly brothels.
Compare/ Contrast Treatment Approaches (Author’s name) (Institutional Affiliation) Introduction Chemical dependency and dual diagnosis are psychological effects that affect people who indulge in the usage of substances. Both these psychological illnesses have adverse effects to the human health, as well as behavior. Chemical dependency is also referred to as an addiction to drugs. Other terms of chemical dependency include alcoholism, substance dependence, drug addiction, substance abuse and drug habit. It is defined as a psychological and physical need, which contributes to the utilization of alcohol and other illegal drugs (Doweiko, 2012).
Social Conflict: Social conflict theory and drug abuse would be considered a problem of inequality and class conflict. While drug abuse is a problem throughout society, a conflict theory would argue that minorities or lower class groups are more likely to suffer, because of the negative consequences from drug abuse. 2. Structural functionalist: Drug abuse through the view of a functionalist may view it as dysfunctional; a significant process within society when on disrupts the social system or disturbs its solidity. The view of society is a complex system whose parts all work together to promote solidarity and stability.
One of the central findings of the large body of research that has examined the psychosocial causes, or etiology, of alcohol use is that there are multiple pathways to behavior that involves alcohol consumption. Researchers have located a gene in some alcohol abusers
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that assumes negative behaviors and emotions that are caused by faulty thoughts and thinking patterns (Ford-Martin, 1999). CBT helps clients develop new ways of thinking and behaving. (Galanter ,Keller, & Weinberg, 1997). CBT is used quite often to treat substance abuse issues. The approach focuses on maladaptive behaviors (addictive behaviors) by changing what it perceives to be the root cause of them (faulty thinking).
(Popik and Glick 2006). The basic effects of the Ibogaine treatment in addiction is separated into three distinctive categories; long term, intermediate and acute. The intermediate and the acute stages are sometimes also referred to as the after effects (Lotsof 1995). It has also been suggested that the drug may have considerable potential in the field of psychotherapy, particularly as a treatment for the effects of trauma (Maciulaitis
One author writes “healing is crucial not just for victims, but also for offenders. Both the rehabilitation of offenders and their integration into the community are vital aspects of restorative justice. Offenders are treated respectfully and their needs are addressed. Removing them from the community, or imposing any other severe restrictions, is a last resort. It is thought that the best way to prevent re-offending is re-integration.” Processes of this nature are sometimes all the victim wants.
Explain factors related to the development of substance abuse or addictive behaviour & examine prevention strategies and treatments for substance abuse and addictive behaviour (22 marks) A substance is anything that people can ingest to alter mood, cognition or behaviour: specifically to induce feelings of self-confidence, fun or relaxation. However, there is an issue with ‘substances’, in that they can often cause a dependence or addiction. An addiction can be described as the behavioural and other responses that include compulsion to certain substances continuously, in order to avoid psychological and physiological deficits in the absence of the substance: namely discomfort, anxiety etc. An addiction may relate to anything in one’s life which may cause the process of uncontrollable usage. This essay shall seek to outline the key reasons for development of a substance abuse, whilst assessing the prevention strategies and treatment for the subsequent substance abuses and addictive behaviours - with key reference to smoking and addiction to nicotine.