Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive behavioural therapy The following essay aims to look at the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on the treatment of anxiety disorders, acute stress disorders, phobias and depression in relation to previous and current evidence. The application of cognitive theory on behavioural change perhaps first came into its own in 1979 where Kendall and Hollon (1979, cited in Dobson & Dozois, 2003) introduced the notion of cognitive behavioural modification. The term cognitive behaviour modification encompasses “treatments that attempt to change overt behaviour by altering thoughts, interpretations, assumptions and strategies of responding” (Kazdin, 1978, page 337, cited in Dobson & Dozois, 2003). Although almost identical, cognitive behaviour therapy has a slightly different philosophy, which has three fundamental points: cognitive activity affects behaviour, cognitive activity may be monitored and altered and that desired behaviour change might be affected through cognitive change. Both methods also share very similar treatment methods; however it is their treatment outcomes which vary.
*Summarize the theoretical base and basic therapeutic procedures for the following intervention programs: sensory integration therapy, Hanen, ABA, and Floortime. List references. The theoretical basis of ABA is operant conditioning, for Hanen the social linguistic development of normal communications and language, for floor time learning and language is based on emotional development, and SI is based on the writings of jean ayers Sensory Integration Therapy Theoretical base: Developed by Alma Jean Ayers Baker in the 1970’s, Sensory Integration is a theory of brain-behavior relationships. Ayers defines sensory integration as “the neurological processes that organize sensation from one’s own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment.” Because sensory development is significantly different in persons with disorders such as autism that that of those with typical patterns of sensory development, therapists use the components of Ayers theory to help these people effectively interact with their environment. Additionally, it is important to note the major ideas of the sensory integration theory: “1.
Introduction In this essay I will compare and contrast person-centred and existential counselling with family therapy. In so doing, I will, in effect, explore the natural dividing line between biological/psychological approaches that are both intrapersonal and humanistic (focussed on individual human potentiality), and an alternative interpersonal therapy that is concerned with influencing the behaviour of individual members of a family towards it and the individual’s better functioning. I will show that the main difference lies in the type of components that make up the theoretical construct on which the approaches are based, that these were derived in a context that is less relevant now, and that they determine the specific approach to therapy in practice. Taking the approaches in turn, I will then show that, given the individual-systemic divide, both the humanistic and the family therapy endeavours are similar in that they attempt to promote change in the overall organisation of either the individual or the family by changing the structural components. I will show that the goal of change in all the therapies is coherence, ‘a congruent interdependence in functioning whereby all the aspects of the system fit together’ (Browne, 2013) without distortions and whereby the person can make sense of his or her world.
The interaction between a counsellor and client and the way in which the counsellor reacts, responds and builds a relationship with their client is termed “therapeutic alliance”. Greenson (1967) describes therapeutic alliance as a “rational relationship between patient and analyst” (p. 46), and argues that this positive collaboration between therapist and patient is crucial for effective treatment. Further to this concept, Bordin (1979) outlines three major components: “(a) agreement on goals for treatment, (b) agreement on tasks to achieve those goals, and (c) the emotional bond of trust and attachment that develops between therapist and patient” (Bordin 1979 as cited from Diener & Argosy 2011, p. 238). There are various approaches to therapy such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy, and Person Centred Therapy, to name a few. This essay concentrates on Carl Rogers’ person centred approach suggesting that therapeutic conditions such as congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy are key to successful personal counselling and growth.
UNIT 02: THEORY ESSAY There are several theoretical approaches to counselling, I will explain the key characteristics and concepts of the Humanistic theory, Psychodynamic theory and Cognitive-behavioural theory. I shall then summarise the key strengths and limitations of these main approaches. I will then explain the concept of the integrative model, followed by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the integrative model. Finally I will explain the role of theory in relation to helping relationships. CBT is a combination of cognitive therapy, which examines unwanted thoughts, beliefs and cognitive processes and behavioural therapy which looks at the behaviour in response to those thoughts.
“Easy and Effective Talking Therapies” by Martin Camden, 16th October 2014 Introduction The talking therapies summarised in this document are: 1. ERT: Enhanced Rogerian Therapy—safe, amicable and beneficial counselling enhanced with reality-testing (see BRT below) and with Life Coaching Theory. 2. BRT: Belief-system Reality-Testing—my version of “The Work” by Byron Katie which in itself is an excellent approach to reality-testing our beliefs with a view to ending up with a world-view that is more realistic and/or one that has greater workability value for us and for the people we care about. 3.
Coping styles and the forms of psychopathology (depression and anxiety) have been found to be implicated in the measure of psychological mindedness (PM; Nyklicek, Poot, & Opstal, 2010; Nyklicek & Denollet, 2009). It is important to form a clear understanding in the manner of these relationships as they may contribute to psychological interventions and emotional insight (McCallum & Piper, 1990). Overall, PM is considered to be a valuable predictor of an individuals’ psychological wellbeing. PM is defined as a persons’ deliberate intent (interest) and ability (insight) to come to terms with and reflect upon their own psychological
PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES & KEY CONCEPTS Aaron T. Beck developed his approach known as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a result of his work and observations with depressed clients. C.B.T. is based on fundamental assumptions that our thoughts can and do determine how we feel and behave in relation to events in our everyday lives and our environment. Beck contends that psychological problems or dysfunctional behaviour can occur as a result of faulty or distorted thinking and through engaging and employing C.B.T. techniques we can change or modify the way we think, to cause us to feel and act better even if our external situations and events do not change.
It consists of all the ideas and values that characterize 'I' and 'me' and includes perception and valuing of 'what I am' and 'what I can do'. Consequently, the self concept is a central component of our total experience and influences both our perception of the world and perception of oneself. The person centred approach is now listed under the 'humanistic' branch of psychotherapy. There are now thought to be three general types of psychological therapies; behavioural therapies, psychoanalytical and psychodynamic therapies and humanistic therapies. Historical development to the present day: - Humanistic therapy emerged in the 1950's, and although
Person Centred Therapy [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] Person Centred Therapy Introduction Person-centred therapy is a branch of psychological aid that treats a patient orally, wherein he patient is provided the opportunity to develop through proper encouragement their self of self-worth in order to establish how their attitudes, feelings as well as typical behaviour is affecting their life in a negative manner. Carl Rogers, the renowned American psychologist, introduced the humanistic approach towards psychology, and person-centred therapy is one of his most famous works. It is a distinctive approach to understanding how the human personality and relationships work together to form an individuals perception of themselves. Person centred therapy is applied in a wide array of domains such as counselling, education, organizations, work settings or psychotherapy. Rogers introduced this type of therapy in the 1940’s and 1950’s, and is generally used by psychotherapists around the world due to its humanistic approach towards treating the patient.