There are several issues to consider when comparing the financial ratios of a public company to the industry averages. It is important to allow for any material differences in accounting policies between the specific company and the industry norms. It is also important to determine whether ratios were calculated before or after adjustments were made to the balance sheet or income statement. (Atrill & McLaney, 1997) It is also extremely important that one make sure that the financial data was developed using comparable accounting methods, classification procedures, and valuation bases. I have chosen to analyze Branch Banking & Trusts financial ratios and compare them to industry averages.
The disclosure shows the loss contingency and states the estimate of loss. Before the company issues the financial statement and after the enterprise’s financial statement is done, the company can impair an asset or incur the liability. Disclosure of loss contingencies helps the company to keep its financial statements not being misleading. When the disclosure is necessary, the company must report the loss contingency in financial statements with a given estimate of the mount of loss. Reference Financial Accounting Standards Board (2010).Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
4. The inefficiency of international companies having to understand and use a myriad of different accounting standards depending on the countries in which they operate and the countries in which they raise capital and debt. Executive talent is wasted on keeping up to date with numerous sets of accounting standards and the never-ending changes to them. 5. The inefficiency of investment managers, bankers, and financial analysts as they seek to compare financial reporting drawn up in accordance with different sets of accounting standards.
3. What internal processes or systems do you recommend to prevent fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom? Why were these practices not detected sooner? The internal audit department should have been required to report directly to the Board or CEO, and not to the CFO. I also think that the internal audit department should have had full access to the accounting system.
- Compliance Department (1,2) Why: A bank should ensure a strong compliance culture throughout its organization, where the board of directors and senior management set the right tone. The board of directors and senior management (including Head of the business and Supervisors) should set a clear risk appetite and ensure a compliance culture where financial crime is not acceptable. The Third Line of Defense helps the Bank to accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. How & Who: Develop policies for periodic internal audits (5) covering: Adequacy of bank’s policies, procedures and controls identifying key risks, addressing the identified risks and complying with laws, regulations and
1.0 Introduction Fair Value Accounting (FVA) introduced formally in 1993 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was intended to make financial statements easier to compare and balance sheets more reflective of real values. However, the recent crisis has led to a major debate about whether FVA has significantly contributed to the financial crisis or, at least, exacerbated its severity. In this report, this argument will be evaluated and some major criticism against FVA will be discussed. I will also assess how these factors may or may have contributed to the financial crisis. 2.0 Fair Value Accounting and its Objectives In it pure form, Fair Value Accounting (FVA) involves reporting assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value and recognizing changes in fair value as gains and losses in the income statement.
The Board is completing an update to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting in order to give it a more complete, concise and updated set of concepts to use when the Board develops or revises IFRS Standards. The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting describes the basic concepts and objectives of general purpose financial reporting. It underlies the preparation and presentation of financial statements for external parties. It is an empirical tool that helps the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develop requirements in IFRS Standards which is based on clear and regular principles (ifrs, 2018). These principles, on the other hand, must bring about the Board developing IFRS Standards that makes it necessary for entities to present more important, comparable and clear information in financial statements.
This also includes establishing a private-sector regulator to oversee the auditing profession to combat accounting fraud, and enhancing financial disclosures. Companies are under more pressure to comply with SEC and Sarbanes-Oxley Act after recent and growing concerns about their ethical behaviors. Role of Ethics and Compliance in the Financial Environment Starbuck’s role of Ethics and Compliance in the financial environment applies to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), comptroller, and other financial leaders. The company’s code of ethics encompasses
ADM 4245 ACCOUNTING THEORY TERM PAPER Information Asymmetry, Moral Hazard, and Adverse Selection – Implications for Accounting and Auditing SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to identify some information asymmetry problems that are prevalent in the accounting world, and to determine the possible impact that they can have on accounting and auditing. This report discusses the causes and effects of information asymmetry and discusses possible solutions that are being used to minimize it. After examining specific theories, it is evident that information asymmetry is undoubtedly the most important concept of financial accounting theory. It continues to exist and poses a threat to accounting and auditing standards. INTRODUCTION He didn’t coin the term “lemons,” but whenever consumers get stuck with one - whether it’s a used car, a faulty appliance or a less-than-adequate health care insurance policy - George Akerlof’s prize-winning theory comes alive.
1 requires that "in all matters relating to the assignment, independence in mental attitude is to be maintained by the auditor...he must be without bias with respect to the client. "26 Because a principal purpose of auditor independence is to provide assurance to investors, the accounting profession has long required independence not only in fact but also in appearance. SAS No. 1 states, "Public confidence would be impaired by evidence that independence was actually lacking, and it might also be impaired by the existence of circumstances which reasonable people might believe likely to influence independence. "27 Accordingly, "Independent auditors should not only be independent in fact; they should avoid situations that may lead outsiders to doubt their independence.