One type of government was absolute monarchy, which is consisting of the balance between king and nobles. King has unlimited power, he is not legally bound and during the economic or nation- state based decisions he was the responsible person. Also monarchs gain power either marriage or hereditary. In religion, there is no freedom which means government controls over the Church. They believed God choose them and acquire power for unity of their countries.
These laws include man’s right to freedom, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. John Locke was an English philosopher who became one of the most influential thinkers during the Enlightenment. One of Locke’s beliefs was the equality of all men and the elimination of social hierarchy. In his book The Second Treatise on Civil Government Locke states, “There is nothing more evident, than that creatures of the same species and rank … should also be equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection” (Doc A). Locke argues that all men are of the same species making them all equal and placed on the same rank.
He ruled from 1792 to 1750 B.C.E. He was a very successful ruler, who conquered many groups and cities. As his empire grew he saw a need to unify his people with one set of laws for all to follow. In addition, he wanted to make sure that his people accepted his authority as king completely without question, which he believed came directly from the gods. Hammurabi had his scribes create the world's first written, comprehensive law code.
By creating a system where everyone abides by the same laws and rules, then there can be no threat of a tyrant. Dewey can only agree with Rorty on this topic. For Dewey, the best form of a government is one that corresponds well with human nature. This type of government is a Democracy. Rorty sees democracy as a common search for justice.
Sparta created a very strong military system that allowed them to become the best one around and therefore permitting Sparta to not only manage to defend their land but keep the Messenians under control. The strong Spartan military also achieved the defeat of the Persians and the creation of the best military the world had seen. The Athens entered their Golden Age in 594 B.C. under the rule of Solon. Solon created a government that was based on a democracy, allowing all male citizens to have an opinion and vote on certain issues that were taking place.
Tocqueville and the Relevance of His Theories on Equality Today Alexis de Tocqueville believed that equality was inevitable and that society loves equality more than it does liberty. He stated that the “chief passion which stirs men at such times is the love of this equality,” referring to equality of conditions (Tocqueville, 504). According to him, democracy cannot exist without equality and equality further leads to individualism (Tocqueville, 506). This paper will discuss why Tocqueville’s analyses on equality are still relevant in today’s Western society by focusing on equality of conditions, democracy, and individualism. In Democracy in America (1840), Tocqueville stated that “every citizen must be put in possession of his rights, or rights must be granted to no one” (Tocqueville, Marxists Internet Archive).
But at the same time, he gained control of all sources of power. Bullow, chancellor from 1900 till 1909, for instance, realized how his own position is dependant on the Kaiser. Moreover, by 1914, many political parties did not try to challenge the power of the Kaiser of the fear to seem unpatriotic. Many Germans had conservative attitudes and
Orwell said humans will perpetually be at war because of a strong, centralised authority as in 'big brother is watching you'. In Hobbes' time the rulers claimed their authority to rule by virtue of divine right. God made them King and anyone who questioned the authority of the King was challenging God. Hobbes considers the nature of liberty under sovereign power and says that liberty means the ability to act according to one's will without being physically hindered from performing that act. Only chains or imprisonment can prevent one from acting, so all subjects have absolute liberty under sovereignty.
John Locke was one of the influential political philosophers of modern period (1632-1704). At his works he supported the claim that men are by nature free and equal against the claim that God had create all people naturally as a subject to monarch. Moreover, in his work Two Treaties of Government he argued that people have rights such as the right to life, liberty, and property that have a foundation independent of the laws of any particular society. Locke supports the right of the people to overthrow rulers who betray them; he asserts that if a leader violates the community’s trust, the people can and should replace him immediately. Similarly, if the government does not fulfill the needs of the people, it should be dissolved and replaced with other form of government which people think is the best.
Through this they convey the idea that if a current government is not function as it should, it should be done away with and replaced. The writers also use contrast. The text states, “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers