Specific phobias: excessive, unrealistic fear of a specific object or situation. Sufferers of this avoid the object or situation or have intense distress while encountering it. xxix. Social phobia/social anxiety disorder: severe, persistent, and irrational fear of negative evaluation by others. xxx.
Communication difficulties may contribute to autistic adults they become socially anxious or depressed or prone to self-injurious behaviours. Many adults with autism are being diagnosed with co-morbid mood, anxiety and compulsive disorders which may also contribute to behavioural and functioning challenges. There are different types of problems and not all will occur in each case. These can generally be described as 'not being able to get on with people'. So the adults may: * Seem to be aloof.
These types of mental ill health are known as Affective disorders, they involve periods of time where the individual experiences feelings of extreme sadness or extreme happiness, the individual may also experience a fluctuation between the two emotions over this period of time. PERSONALITY DISORDERS: - Personality disorders usually become noticeable in adolescence or early adulthood, but sometimes start in childhood. The individual’s patterns of behaviour and thinking differ from the expectations of society. These thinking and behavioural patterns are very rigid and may interfere with the person's normal day to day functioning, They can make it difficult for individuals to start and keep friendships or other relationships, and individuals may find it hard to work effectively with others. Individuals may also find other people very scary, and feel very alienated and alone.
* Personality disorders: defined by experiences and behaviours that can differ from the social norm. Individuals diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in cognition, emotiveness, interpersonal functioning or control of impulses * Anxiety disorder: excessive feelings of anxiety and fear, where anxiety is worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. * Psychotic disorders: refers to an abnormal condition of the mind, and is the term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". People suffering from psychosis are described as psychotic. * Substance-related disorders: when an individual consumes a substance (drugs, alcohol) in amounts which are harmful to themselves or others.
To understand the basis of abnormal psychology, it is essential to recognize that the individuals who make up these categories fall very far at the other end of the normal spectrum. Composed of troubling variables, abnormal psychology consists of behaviors that instigate problems in a person’s life or is considered disruptive to others who inevitably require some form of mental health intervention (Cherry, 2005). According to theorists, treating mental health issues can become difficult because elements of multiple disorders may also be involved. Factors related to the identification and decoding of certain behaviors must become a part of the equation to assess it properly. The best and most effective means of treatment should be assigned whether singularly or in combination with medication, in addition to therapy to gain control of the problem (Cherry, 2005).
A mental disorder or mental illness is a behavioral or psychological disorder that occurs within an individual. Many people do not understand the severity of some cases. There are many different types of mental disorders. These illnesses or disorders can affect ones education, employment, and or their role in society. Violence is another thing that many people like to associate with a mental illness.
This in return can create barriers, or a misconception of individual behaviour that does not fall into that category defined as “normal.” Therefore in conclusion this could lead to wrong assumptions or even an incorrect diagnosis being made based solely on what “society” constitutes as normal behaviour. However on the other hand, there does need to be a framework that will measure or monitor individual behaviour, in order to identify and treat any behaviour which may be deemed as abnormal. For this reason it would assist those individuals that may be a risk to themselves, or even the wider community. Statistical Infrequent: Is defined as any behaviour and psychological functioning that is statistically infrequent, this is then viewed as abnormal. Behaviour such as removing personal clothing in a public place isn’t something most people would normally do.
A person who has a borderline personality disorder is often insecure of himself. His self-identity or self-image often changes rapidly. He may view himself as evil, or sometimes feel like he does not exist at all. This unstable self-image may lead to frequent shifts in jobs and friendships, and changes in values and goals. A borderline personality disorder can affect personal relationships because it can make you idealize someone at one moment and then dramatically swing to hatred over minor misunderstandings.
Poor communication between the service user and carer is a factor, he or she may be unable to express their concerns or opinions. If an individual is not mobile or bed bound, they are frail and powerless to defend themselves. Someone who suffers with dementia and is aggressive may be susceptible to abuse as care staff may not know how to deal with this and become frustrated and lash out. Question 2a (Weighting:
This, combined with mood disturbances, can undermine relationships with family, friends, and co-workers. BPD disturbances also may include self-harm. [3] Without treatment, symptoms may worsen, leading (in extreme cases) to suicide attempts There is an ongoing debate between clinicians and patients worldwide regarding the term Borderline, and some suggest it be renamed, and called Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder. There is concern that the diagnosis of BPD stigmatizes people and is a discriminatory practice. It is common for those suffering from BPD and their families to feel confused by a lack of clear diagnosis, effective treatments and accurate information.