Extra glucose cannot be used because of insulin deficiency and and blood glucose level rises, which contributes to further, adding to the osmotic diuresis. 4. What acid-based disturbances commonly occur and why? Arterial blood pH less than 7.30, serum bicarbonate level less than 15 mEq/L (15 mmol/L), and moderate-large ketones in the urine or blood ketones. 5.
25- metabolism is also referred to as biotransformation because it involves the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite. LIVER IS INVOLVED IN METABOLISM. Pg. 38- Pediatrics 1. Gastric ph is less acidic because acid producing cells in stomach are immature until approx.
Sp N ec e ifi w ca tio n General Certificate of Secondary Education 2012–2013 Double Award Science: Biology Unit B1 Higher Tier [GSD12] MONDAY 12 NOVEMBER 2012 1.30 pm–2.30 pm MARK SCHEME 8341.01 1 (a) Fat Protein Ethanol Biuret Blue White [4] AVAILABLE MARKS (b) Energy intake/food intake is higher/too much food eaten/junk food/bad food is cheaper/cheap alcohol [1] Not enough exercise/sedentary lifestyle described [1] [2] (c) sodium/salt/fat/cholesterol [1] glucose/sugar [1] [2] (d) (i) Indicative Content: • Place DCPIP in test-tube • Add drops of juice to the DCPIP • Shake/mix • Count the number of drops of juice (needed to produce colour change in the DCPIP) • DCPIP goes colourless/clear or changes from
4. What raises your triglyceride levels? Why? A low fat, high- carbohydrate diet, it raises insulin, it appears that higher insulin levels make it harder for triglycerides to get into the muscle cells. 5.
It binds with starch so the more starch, the darker the solution was. We also used a blank solution with no starch to set the spectrometer to zero. The spectrometer was used to compare the absorbency of the starch in the control solutions and the non-control solutions over time. Amylase was the last solution added to start the initial breakdown of the starch. Adding it at one minute intervals allowed the students to see how much starch the amylase was actually breaking down over time.
Cyanide is a poison that very specifically blocks the transport of electrons in the electron transport chain. Based on the purpose of this part of cellular respiration, why would you hypothesize that cyanide is so deadly? (1 mark) Cyanide binds to the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme inhibiting the transfer of electrons from fourth complex to the oxygen molecule; cyanide is so deadly because it prevents the oxidative phosphorylation. The tissues (primarily brain and heart) that produce ATP aerobically can no longer use oxygen for the energy production, therefore, they start producing energy anaerobically which affects the functioning of tissues and after sometime the tissues can no longer produce energy which ultimately leads to
The cells become leaky; sodium slowly began to leak into the cells, and potassium leaked out. Question C: Which intracellular organelles have membranes as part of their structure? How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? All intracellular organelles have membranes as a part of their structure. The breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of the heart because the special calcium ATPase’s had stopped moving calcium from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum of his cardiac muscle cells.
How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? All intracellular organelles have membranes as part of their structure except ribosomes. The breakdown of these membranes affect the function of the heart because the lack of ATP has affected the plasma membrane pumps and stopped the moving of the ATPase calcium from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cardiac muscle. As the calcium level rice the protease spill into the interior of the cell which attacks the cytoskeleton, causing enzymes to eat away at the membranes. Queston D: Two important pieces of information-the instructions of Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both contained within the cell on which structures?
A. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone B. Anti Diuretic Hormene C. Follicle Stimulating Hormone D. Insulin Like Growth Factor 26. Residual volume is a factor in determining Vital Capacity . True . False 27. What hormone is responsible for decreasing the level of calcium in the blood .
NADH competitively inhibits enzymes in glycolysis as an example of negative feedback B. The activity of the Krebs cycle drops when there is a high concentration of ATP C. ATP acts on a regulatory site of phosphofructokinase to stop the 2nd phosphate addition D. ATP binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme in the Krebs cycle (9) Which of the following is not an intermediate of the Krebs Cycle? A. Oxaloacetate B. Succinyl CoA C. G3P D. Malate (10) In the ETC… A. Electrons are pulled from one complex to the next due to electronegativity differences B. NADH has lower potential energy than FADH2 C. O2 is the final electron acceptor D. Iron containing proteins within the OMM are being reduced and oxidized (11) In the thylakoid membrane, the proton gradient is generated from which of the following? A.