A Stylistic Analysis of Walt Whitman’s America

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Walt Whitman’s America appears to be an Americanized version of Thomas More’s Utopia. While More paints his idealized state in a lengthy, well-crafted fictional work, Whitman’s America glorifies nineteenth-century United States in a condensed, well-versed poem. In a jingoistic tone, Whitman seems to eternalize the foundational principles of the American nation in his poem. An initial reading of Whiteman’s poem America suffices to whiff the perfume of jingoism that looms it. Yet a stylistic dissection of his poem accords the reader a better insight into Whitman’s skillful deployment of style in the service of meaning. The poem is replete with grammatical parallelisms, as in ‘equal daughters, equal sons’ (line 1); ‘grown’ and ‘ungrown’ (line 2); ‘young or old’ (line 2) and ‘Law and Love’ (line 4). These parallelisms evoke a sense of equilibrium in the poem. In the poet’s idealized America, the pillars upon which the nation was built—equality, law, freedom—are equally enjoyed by its diverse population, creating a seemingly natural balance of powers. Such equalizing discourse was typical of Civil-War America. During this period, Americans strived to find unity amidst the chaos stirred by internal clashes by going back to the principles on which the founding fathers had built the nation. Whitman seems to recall those very principles in such a way that the poem seems to pursue stylistic unity and equilibrium in almost all of its lines through a series of parallelisms. On this penchant for unity and coherence underlying most of Whitman’s poems, Setzer (1991) contends that Whitman envisioned a unified America at a time when it was being divided by civil war, an America able to harmonize its differences through the power of language and poetry. (1) The equality that Whitman’s poem seems to celebrate through its prevalent grammatical parallelisms decentralizes the binary
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