Review Questions What is the Davis-Moore thesis? It is a thesis that states social stratification has good consequences for society. They argued that societies have many different occupations or take in them and jobs differ in their importance to society. List and define three different systems of stratification in society. It's based off of wealth, property, and power.
It is worldwide agreed that the male stereotype is viewed to be more favourable than the female stereotype. In most cultures men are accorded somewhat higher status than women and researches have shown that high status people are usually judged to be more agentic, self-oriented whereas low status people are communal or relationship oriented. Gender division of labour. The socially determined ideas and practices which define what roles and activities are deemed appropriate for women and men Whilst the gender division of labour tends to be seen as natural and immutable, in fact, these ideas and practices are socially constructed. This results in context-specific patterns of who does what by gender and how this is valued.
Minorities in America pursued on finding the “whiteness” in order to be placed on a higher-class level since “whiteness became a sense of property” for them . “Whiteness protected one against being an object of property” since it “insured greater economic, political, and social security” .The racial hierarchy placed individuals into certain classes based on their color, whites being the highest and the rest on the bottom. The minorities in the bottom felt insecure and found it unfair that whites received the highest ranks in society thus causing unrest between racial groups. However, even though certain minorities were passed as white, the government, which was ruled by the superior Anglo-Saxons, determined their status level in society. Nevertheless, they were definitely not in the same status level as
As males are less investing, they compete within themselves through intra-sexual selection to achieve the dominant position of the alpha male and so have exclusive access to females. Evidence which supports this refers to ‘sexual dimorphism’ which is the difference in size between males and females. Males tend to be physically larger and stronger than a female which is consistent with the claim that they must compete for access to females. Therefore dimorphism is evidence for intra-sexual selection and polygymy as it suggest males fight for females. Inter-sexual selection refers to the selection of characteristics between the genders which females take upon.
Classical Sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920), recognizes several interlinked relational patterns that lead to stratification; whereas Marxists reduce all inequality to economics (the differences in access to and use of wealth—all of one’s financial assets—between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat), Weber expands stratification into three related yet distinct components: Class, Status, and Party. “We may speak of a ‘class’ when (1) a number of people have in common a specific causal component of their life chances, in so far as, (2) this component is represented exclusively by economic interests in the possession of
Second, “social roles come with the own set of expectations and contingencies that promote a reward structure that calls for becoming more socially dominant, agreeable, conscientious, and less neurotic” ( Roberts, 2004) . This when an adult realizes when to choose his or her fights. He or she is more confident and probably has realized that life changes constantly and it is very hard to control. A third and finally principle states “that the dominant pattern of role investments seen in quasi-universal tasks of social living, such as developing a career and career identity, helps explain the normative patterns of personality change that result from role investments” ( Roberts, 2004). Becoming a parent can be an example of this.
Mantsios uses statistical evidence, data, and multiple examples (myth and reality) in the article to explain these class divisions. With the fact that class standings determine the outcome of life chances, there are also issues of race and gender that corresponds into class. In society today, sexism and racism still exists, and no matter what position of class women and members of minorities are in, institutional forces will hold them down precisely because of their gender or race. This makes the chances of being poor in America for women and minorities much higher. White males have a much higher chance of not being poor rather than white females and other races.
There are two kinds of power: position power and personal power. Position power is derived from a particular office or rank. “It is the influence capacity a leader derives from having higher status that the followers have” (Northouse, 2010, 8). Personal power is the capacity a leader derives from being likable and knowledgeable. When leaders act in ways important to their followers, it gives leaders power (Northouse, 2010).
Furthermore, Bourdieu starts from the idea that there is a dominant culture in society, the higher people’s position in class system, the greater amount of dominant culture they are likely to have. This
We will also consider about differential reproductive success for natural selection. Because the higher success rate of the reproduce, the higher the species get selected, so the differential reproductive success is also a key factor of natural selection. Fitness and Adaptation decides the