Crohn’s disease can affect any area of the gastrointestinal system from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease appears to be caused by a dysfunctional inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation is the body’s natural way to heal by sending immune cells to the site of the injury or invader. Researchers
ACTIVITY 2 Studying the Effect of Blood Viscosity on Blood Flow Rate 1. Describe the components in the blood that affect viscosity. The plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets cause resistance as they travel through vessels. 2. Explain the effect that the viscosity change had on flow rate.
What is Lupus? Bios-260 What is lupus you ask? Well, Systemic lupus erthematosus, also known as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune system disease that can affect pretty much any organ of the body. Lupus affects the body’s immune system by pretty much confusing it. The Immune system normally functions to protect against foreign invaders by sending out certain cells that attack and destroy the ailment affecting your body, like an infection or a cold.
Serious alterations in gas exchange occur with arterial hypoxemia & CO2 retention resulting from mismatching of pulmonary ventilation (gas exchange w/in lungs) and perfusion. Hypoventilation occurs secondary to markedly increased work of
The most popular theory is that the body’s immune system reacts abnormally in people with Crohn’s disease, mistaking bacteria, foods, and other substances for being foreign (www.gicare.com). The immune system’s response is to attack the invaders. During this process, white blood cells accumulate in the lining of the intestines, producing chronic inflammation, which leads to ulcerations and bowel injury. Scientists do not know if the abnormality in the functioning of the immune system in people with Crohn’s disease is cause, or a result, of the disease (www.gicare.com). Researches have shown that the inflammation seen in the GI tract of people with Crohn’s disease involves several factors such as genes the patient has inherited, immune system and environmental factors
Chronic inflammation that accompanies this disease can lead to the formation of ulcers. Ulcers are open sores that are characterized as deep with defined borders in Crohn’s patients. Again because the disease can affect the entire GI tract, the ulcers can form in the mouth all through to the anus. Fistulas can form from ulcers extending through the intestinal wall. Fistulas are abnormal connections between different parts of the intestine or another organ.
Question A: How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? The infection spreads because the pharynx, sinuses, larynx, and trachea are all connected and the infection is prone to spread to the surrounding areas. Question B: What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. The cough reflex is a long and deep inhalation followed by the closing of the glottis, this causes a strong exhalation that pushes the glottis open and sends air through the respiratory passages.
If a blood vessels bursts this is called a stroke. The blood becomes sticky because the amount of sugar and fats that have been released into the blood to try and respond. Stress can be linked with many problems such as eczema, depression and stomach. There are different ways to manage stress and this can be from medication to exercise. The human body is designed to know when stress is used and is effecting the body and your body should know how and when to react to it.
However, it is possible for topical drugs to enter the systemic circulation and cause side effects. We must understand the mechanisms of drug transport into and out of the bloodstream so that it can be enhanced when needed, and minimized when not needed. In general, drug distribution is the reversible transfer of drug from one location in the body to another. To simplify the distribution process, the body is considered to be composed of two distinctive fluids: vascular fluid and extravascular fluid. Vascular volume (i.e., blood) includes the fluid in the heart and vascular system of the body.
– A transplanted organ contains substances which the immune system recognises as being foreign. These substance acts as ANTIGENS. – This stimulates the body to make antibodies and other substances which attack and can possibly destroy the organ • Identify defence adaptations, including: □ Inflammation response: □ Phagocytosis: □ Lymph system: □ Cell death to seal off pathogen: – SECOND LINE OF