Nicotine exposure has been shown to increase risk for inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (Massaro, Rothbaum & Aly, 2006). The more she smoked the greater of her baby's chances of developing these and other health problems. Marcus’s delivery was induced; he was passed his due date, once Tiffany’s water broke she was not in labor so In this case, she was induced to decrease the risk of infection to her uterus and her baby, which is more of a concern once the membranes have ruptured (Baby Center Medical Advisory Board, 2009). Marcus behaviors as a baby were a concern for Tiffany as Marcus would constant
Two hundred of the chemicals are poisons and at least 69 cause cancer and other diseases (Tobacco Smoke Pollution). Smoking is especially dangerous to women during pregnancy. The chemicals and toxins go into a woman's bloodstream, her baby’s only source of oxygen and nutrients (Smoking During Pregnancy). Another danger of smoking is smoking before surgery. “Smoking before surgery puts you at a higher risk for postoperative heart attacks, blood clots, pneumonia and even death,” says general surgeon Kevin El-Hayek, MD.
Synthesis #2 1) Approximately 1% of babies in the United States are born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders or (FASD). FASD is an umbrella term for all birth related defects associated with alcohol exposure prenatally (O’Connor & Whaley, 2007). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, or (FAS) is a specific medical diagnosis for permanent conditions from birth to prenatal alcohol related conditions (Rasmussen et al., 2012). FAS can result in mental disabilities, as well as psychological and behavioral problems (Rasmussen et al., 2012). Children who are diagnosed with FAS, are also put at risk for maltreatment by their mothers (Grant, Ernst, Streissguth, Stark; 2005).
The FDA issued a warning about benzocaine, the active ingredient in oral pain medications such as Orajel on April 7, 2011. The FDA warns that benzocaine use has the potential to induce a potentially fatal side effect whereby the blood carries significantly lower amounts of oxygen. This condition, known as methemoglobinemia, can in rare cases cause death or brain injury and damage to the body tissues. The potential for life-threatening or long-term damages from methemoglobinemia due to benzocaine is further compounded in very young children. Free Orajel Lawsuit Review Benzocaine products do not currently contain warnings of methemoglobinemia, which the FDA stated as a grave cause for concern since consumers, parents and caregivers are in most
Here are a few examples of some teratogens: Tobacco: Babies that are exposed to cigarette smoke/tobacco tend to be small and premature, have respitory problems, and sometimes show intellectual difficulties or behavioral problems later in development. Smoking restricts blood flow to the fetus, which in turn reduces the levels of growth factors, oxygen, and nutrients that reach the fetus. The risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in which a sleeping baby suddenly stops breathing and dies, also increases as the amount of smoking increases.
Abortion is the termination of the entire pregnancy yet selective reduction is performed to improve the survival rate of the remaining fetuses and also the mother. Selective reduction is performed early in the pregnancy, normally between weeks 9 and 12, it is most often performed when there are four or more fetuses present, can be used to reduce triplets to twins, and with a fetus with severe defects (www.webmd.com). Infants born part of a multiple pregnancy are at increased risk of prematurity, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, slow language development, behavioral difficulties, chronic lung disease, and death (Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction, 2013). These risks play an important role in a mother’s decision to utilize selective reduction. Maternal risks of a multi-fetal pregnancy include hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum hemorrhage (Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction, 2013).
The abnormalities include facial deformities and defective limbs, face and heart. Most of these children are below average in intelligence. In one study, however, even mothers who drank moderately during pregnancy had babies who were less attentive and alert, with the effects still present at four years of age. Cigarette smoking by pregnant women can also adversely influence prenatal development, birth and postnatal development. Fetal and neonatal deaths are higher among smoking mothers.
Maternal periodontal infection may pose a possible risk factor for preterm deliveries, low birth weight babies, and preeclampsia (Guideline on Perinatal Oral Health Care, 2011). Expectant mothers with poor oral health and high levels of Mutans Streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli (LB), the bacteria which generate acids from fermentable carbohydrates responsible for causing dental caries, pose a greater risk for infecting their children thus increasing the risk for childhood caries at an early age (Young, Buchanan, Lubman, and Budenz, 2006). The opportunity to improve perinatal oral health care for high risk mothers increases our ability to prevent dental disease in the expectant mother, to provide for optimal pregnancy and birth outcomes, and to decrease the potential for early childhood caries. The National Guideline Clearinghouse (2010) developed a guideline to “provide recommendations for perinatal oral health care, including risk assessment, anticipatory guidance, preventive strategies, and appropriate therapeutic interventions to be
They are used to determine and identify risk factors for birth defects or serious life threatening illness. This can include the control and prevention on environmental influences that can cause epigenetic changes in the fetus. Some of the preventable environmental influences during pregnancy can be certain prescribed medications, smoking, drinking, diabetes etc. “Gestational diabetes, advanced maternal age, and obesity have the highest impact on gestational diabetes risk. Racial/ethnic origin and family history of type 2 diabetes have a significant though moderate impact (except for type 2 diabetes in siblings).
Before doing anything, you will always want to check with your doctor first to make sure it is safe. Things that you want to avoid during pregnancy is smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs. Smoking can cause numerous of health problems for the baby. Stillbirth, when the baby dies inside the mother. It can cause the baby to be premature or low birth weight.