Liquid resins are converted into insoluble and infusible solids through oxirane reactions. The oxirane structure is referred as epoxy functionality. The resin used in the experiment has a functionality of two. Resins are usually prepared with the reactions of bisphenols –and generally commercially bisphenol A- with epichlorohydrin or glycidyl chloride. Epoxy resins are generally cured with primary/secondary polyamines, anhydrides, and polyamides.
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID J Wright Organic Chem Lab 1 Tuesday 1:40-5 Ian Stubbs LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment was to extract benzoic acid from an aqueous of benzoic acid using methylene chloride, use liquid-liquid extraction to calculate the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid and to determine whether a single extraction or multiple extractions are more efficient. Add in the table of physical constants. See the attachment for the lab format. PROCEDURE: Gather a two stock solution that includes; 0.02M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution and 0.02M of benzoic acid aqueous solution. For a single extraction, use a 50mL graduated cylinder and measure out 50mL of the benzoic acid solution into a 125mL separatory funnel.
Si, P, S and Cl are increasingly electronegative. They cannot form oxide ions from oxygen at all, so they behave as acids. The trend is from strongly basic oxides on the left-hand side to strongly acidic ones on the right, via an amphoteric oxide (aluminium oxide) in the middle. In addition, when going across the period 3 the acid-base nature of the oxides change from base to amphoteric and finally to become acid. This is because the less electronegative sodium has a weak Na-O bond and the oxygen is more easily given up to reacts with H+.
They are prepared by reacting magnesium turnings with an alkyl halide or an aryl halide, usually in ether solvent. Grignard reagents are important in the synthesis of alcohols. Reacting a Grignard with formaldehyde will produce a primary alcohol. The reaction between a Grignard and other aldehydes will yield a secondary alcohol. A tertiary alcohol will be the product of the reaction between a Grignard and a ketone.
Purification process can be applied either in starting materials (reactants) or the final material (product) but to avoid though any initial imperfections, purification of the final material is more preferable [3]. Some of the most important techniques of purification are: distillation, sublimation, evaporation of volatile impurities, electrolysis, extraction, recrystallization and chromatography [3]. Knowing the purity of a product in organic synthesis is an important factor as it helps to prevent and reduce significant errors according to the physical properties and behaviour of chemical substances [4]. It is well known that a tiny amount of impurity can inhibit a chemical reaction and interfere with the main use of the substance a fact that must be avoided especially in human-hygiene related chemical synthesis, i.e. food, drugs [4].
Methlyene chloride was a good solvent in this case because its boiling point is 40 degrees C and will boil off before the trimyristin which has a boiling point of 56-57 degrees C. Finally acetone was added to wash the crystals and the solution was vacuum filtered. This process was repeated and the trimyristin was collected. Results: Experimental yield of trimyristin= .64g Experimental melting point of trimyristin= 59 degrees C Percentage yield = experimental-truex100 True Dicussion: The extraction of trimystrin left white crystals resembling a powder. Its melting point was 56 degrees C which was exactly the recorded value. However, given that
The isolation method is a common method of simplifying the rate law when more that one reactant is involved is to arrange for all the reactants except one to be present in such large excess that their concentration can be regarded as remaining effectively constant throughout the reaction. Isolation method also means that many reaction can be studied under pseudo law for a first order reaction there is no need to know the absolute concentration of reactant but
Reaction Scheme [pic] Although sulfanilic acid is insoluble in acid solutions, it is nevertheless necessary to carry out the diazotization reaction in an acid (HNO2) solution. This problem can be avoided by precipitating sulfanilic acid from a solution in which it is initially soluble. The precipitate is a fine suspension and reacts instantly with nitrous acid. The first step is to dissolve sulfanillic acid in basic solution. When the solution is acidified during diazotization to form nitrous acid, the sulfanilic acid is precipitated out of solution as a finely divided solid, which is immediately diazotized.
Moreover, near zero surface tension as well as low viscosities similar to gases, allow supercritical fluids to easily penetrate a microporous matrix material to extract desired compounds. The synergistic combination of density, viscosity, surface tension, diffusivity, and pressure and temperature dependence, allow supercritical fluids to have exceptional extraction capabilities. Many corporations utilize supercritical carbon dioxide to saturate the polymer with solvent (CO2). Upon depressurization and heating the CO2rapidly expands, causing voids within the polymer matrix, i.e., creating a foam. Carbon dioxide is by far the most commonly used
Those that will dissolve the solute when the solution is hot but not cold. Those that will either dissolve the impurities exceptionally or not dissolve the impurities at all. Solvents cannot react with the solute. The best solvents are inexpensive, volatile, nontoxic, and immflammable.2