It also breaks down motivation into three different categories: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. Intrinsic motivation is the most self-determined form of motivation and behavior (McDavid, Cox, & Amorose, 2012). Intrinsic motivation is a person doing something for themselves because they enjoy it or makes them feel better. Extrinsic motivation is less self-determined and behavior occurs due to reasons outside the action (McDavid, Cox, & Amorose, 2012). An activity done by extrinsic motivation may not be done because a person enjoys it, it’s often done because they want the end outcome.
This essay will look at the trait centred view, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and Weiner’s attribution theory (Weiner, 1985) and how they can be applied to Sport and Fitness environments. One view of motivation is that the personality and characteristics of an individual will determine their motivation. This is known as the trait centred view. Motivation is thought to come from inside of the individual. In the trait centred view, ‘psychologists would agree that the motivated behaviour is largely determined by personality, needs and goals of the athlete, exerciser or employee’ (Weinberg and Gould, cited in Rea, 2009, p.79).
“It is clear that motivation for sport participation is linked more closely to intrinsic reasons (i.e., challenge, social recognition, and enjoyment), whereas motivation for exercise is tied to more extrinsic reasons (i.e., appearance, health pressures, stress management, and social recognition)” (2005). Numerous other studies have been conducted on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to exercise. Some studies have studied the importance of just intrinsic motivators and other studies have researched using just extrinsic motivators. The common finding was that both intrinsic motivators and extrinsic motivators need to be strong to keep the behavior occurring for a long period of time. Interestingly, "individuals who have extrinsic reasons for beginning to exercise may eventually develop intrinsic motivations to exercise over time because their motives have become internalized" (Maltby and Day,
Steven Botto SPM 275 Assignment 1 1/29/2013 1. Define critical thinking and explain the benefits of applying critical thinking skills to important issues in sport management. * Critical thinking means different things to different people, its creative thinking depending on the situation. The benefits of applying critical thinking skills to important issues in sport management are that you could use the Sponge approach vs. Panning for gold approach to better figure out your situation. 2.
I believe if I have a strong sense of self-efficacy I can better help clients to develop a strong sense of self-efficacy if they do not have one. For example, a client may be struggling with what career to pursue that will help better support his or her family. Some clients prefer to pursue a protected career in which they were exposed to by family or friends. This may limit their options because his or her desire is influenced by their self-efficacy or the confidence he or she may have performing in a particular domain. If a client does not have a strong sense of self-efficacy for a specific domain, he or she will not consider it as a possibility.
This personality trait would affect sporting performance if the performer was performing in a team game, the lack of confidence may put them off their game or they may not even get involved. Extroverts on the other hand tend to be confident and are most often found within team games, this trait can also lead to hot headedness and therefore deteriorate their performance in sport as they are no longer concentrated on the task at hand. This can also be said when they have to partake in a sport that involves small muscle movements (as extroverts tend to sway towards the use of large muscle movements) if they’re unable to perform the task at hand they may become aggressive and thus their performance will decrease. One further trait Eysenck indentified was a stable performer; a stable performer tends to be more laid back and has an even temper. In a performance situation this could lead to either laziness or complacency, with their mind wandering off task.
Intrinsic motivation remains a consequential construct, demonstrating the natural human readiness to master and subsume. Intrinsic motivation is characterized as the doing of movement for its inherent fulfillments instead of for some detachable outcome. At the point when inherently inspired an individual is moved to represent the fun or test involved instead of in light of outer goads, weights, or prized. This characteristic motivational inclination is a discriminating component in cognitive, social, and physical improvement on the grounds that it is through following up on one’s natural interest that one develops in information and abilities. Intrinsic motivation exists inside people, in an alternate sense natural inspiration exists in connection in middle of people and exercises.
In a Deontology perspective this would be immoral because the player has violated the rules and standards of their contract. People want to follow rules to make moral decisions, but the reward may out way the consequence. Consequentialism is when a decision is made if the oneself feels that the action out ways the consequence. An athlete would think performing at the max for a year and getting the fame would be more important rather than the consequence; it could be the other way around also. When a player takes steroids he or she would rather take the risk for strength and skills, rather than worrying about future consequences.
It requires effort and will to want to succeed. Success has to involve the individual wanting to learn from their mistakes and wanting to improve on themselves as a person and as a professional. Success includes what you want to do with your life. It does not have to be glamorous as long as you are happy with what you have accomplished and what you have done to offer the world. The definition of success in America is wanting to be the best you can be and striving to do better than that.
(1978) described self-handicapping as obstacle to successful performance that is constructed by a person to protect or enhance self-esteem. Hence, though such obstacle may meddle with the performance of an individual, it allows the person to discount responsibility for failure and rather take credit for achieved success. If one fails, attribution to poor skill can be discounted because of the presence of another potential cause. If one manages to succeed, the attribution to his outstanding ability will increase because good performance emerged despite the presence of an obstacle (Kelly, 1971). In other words, self-handicapping behaviors are designed so that there are desirable attributions for both success and