The contributions of the major theorist who worked to develop each theory. C. Define the major principles associated within this theory as they relate to the psychology of learning. D. Summarize how this theory makes use of prior experience in explaining how people learn. E. Describe how this theory explains how permanent change in behavior takes place. F. Apply this theory to a real world setting (schools, treatment facility, business, and social activities).
Reflection on action is as described above where one contemplates in retrospect. Reflection is largely about self development t as it adds to your knowledge and also challenges beliefs and concepts that you may hold. Reflection is only effective if one follows through with action. 1.2 Analyse the rationale for reflective practice It is human nature that we generally learn from experience, once we have had and experience we naturally observe and reflect on it, through this we form concepts/beliefs and then we test this out in new situations, this goes round in circles each time our view/concepts are being changed as we experience new things. In this cycle self-observation and evaluation helps to understand one’s own actions and to refine one’s practice on an ongoing basis for the benefits of the communities being served.
Counselling/ counselling ideas may help to cope with the challenges of ‘change’ ‘The more I am willing to be myself in all this complexity of life […] the more I am willing to understand and accept the realities in myself and in the other person […]” Rogers (1961). In order to tackle changes in a client’s life, it is important for the counsellor themselves to be self-aware and have an understanding of others’ values, beliefs and attitudes although they may conflict with their own. The counsellor is there to help the client adapt to these changes, helping clients to push out old information and take in new- this however is also an aspect of change which the counsellor has to help the client pursue whilst keeping ethical and professional boundaries. Changes are accompanied by strong emotions, both negative and positive and counselling is able to support the transition from one state to another. When looking at coping with change it is not possible to ignore some of the events which change our development, life events which cause significant change are called transitions (Jeffery, J in Aldridge, S & Rigby, S 2004).
Process Report of a Client Centred Therapy Session Reflection and Literature Review "It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior - and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided." (Rogers, 1986, cited in The Carl Rogers Reader by Kirschenbaum & Henderson, 1989, p.135) This process report is an assignment for the Humanistic Approach module required as evidence that students have acquired the skills and understood how to work with clients from a humanistic perspective. The humanistic approach evolved in the United States in 1950s and it was proposed by Carl Rogers who proposed that “therapy could be simpler,
Cognitive: Mental processes and skills are analyzed with this perspective. Problem solving, creativity and memory are some of the key elements of Cognitive. Neuroscientific/Biopsychological: The study of the biological reactions the brain makes towards being psychoanalyzed in any perspective. What makes a brain happy or sad and correcting it. Sociocultural: Studying how people act, react and are influenced by social stigmas.
If you have struggled with a situation, look back over it and think about what you could have done differently to improve your experience. Always think about how you are working, are you dealing with the situations you are in in the best possible way for you and the individuals involved. 1.2 Explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided Reflective practice helps improve the quality of service provided by continuously evaluating the way in which we work and seeking ways of improving it. By thinking about how we have worked we can identify any problem areas and tackle them. Recognising when or if we are struggling can help with dealing with problems.
Once the needs have been fulfilled or achieved, people are then able to move to the next level. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior (Cherry, 2010). Existentialism uses a philosophical approach which is called phenomenology. Phenomena are the contents of consciousness within an individual which are, the things, qualities, relationships, acts, memories, feelings, thoughts, fantasies, images, events, and so on, which we experience in our
This is a very excruciate form of animal abuse, and is one of the worst known to man. Stopping animal abuse such as puppy mills will help a lot of animals in need and here are some reasons how: Refusing to buy dogs that are shipped from puppy mills. Most of those dogs that had been shipped from puppy mills would be ill with a disease. A lot of the dogs that are trapped together in a small area carry diseases and pass it on to other dogs. With no taking car of these poor dogs have no choice to have what’s coming, and to help them you would have to see the dog to get them.
The Character I Have Formed Character is defined as “the group of ethical and mental characteristics that mark a person or group.” I believe many experiences in our lives define who we are and the character that is produced. Helen Keller once said “Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved.” My character has been formed by learning from my mistakes, my parents, and those around me who influence me. I believe the main way a person’s character is formed is through making mistakes and learning from them, specifically for me. I have made several mistakes in my life but that is okay because
Carl Rogers states ‘ The organism has one basic tendency and striving- to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism’ (Rogers, 1951, p487). But for a person to be able to grow and self- actualise they need to be in an environment that provides them with congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy. The Psychodynamic Theory works with feelings that are in the unconscious mind, the subconscious and it is about going back into the clients past and understanding the causes of their beliefs, ways they then behave, thoughts and feelings. People throughout their lives may build up shields to mask these painful feelings, but they still will affect the way the person is as they are often hard to face. These shields are demonstrated in behaviour.