Women have always been thought of as the weaker sex and Sociologists such as Heidensohn argue that men see the need to protect women. Police are more likely to caution a woman for shop lifting than they are a man. Flood-Page et al found that one in eleven female offenders had been cautioned and prosecuted in comparison to one in seven males. Women are also less likely to be prosecuted for an offence and found guilty of offences by juries. This is because women (especially when they have children) are seen first and foremost in the expressive role (mothering and caring).
So there is less women committing crimes than men showing a gender difference in crime. Also there is the sex-role theory which has multiple parts to it. One part is socialisation which talks about how girls are socialized differently to boys at young ages. Parsons talked about how girls have clear role models in their mothers, compared to boys. A longitudinal study by Farrington and Painter into female offenders showed that they have poor or erratic parenting which meant that they did not get the right socialisation from their mothers which could have led to this crime being committed, showing a gender difference in crime.
There are four types of Sex discrimination. Direct discrimination: treating someone less favourably because of their actual or perceived sex, or because of the sex of someone with whom they associate. An example of this could be not employing a woman purely because of her gender. Indirect discrimination: can occur where there is a policy, practice or procedures that applies to all workers, but particularly disadvantages workers of a particular sex. For example, a requirement that job applicants must be six feet tall could be met by significantly fewer women than men.
It was hypothesized that participants’ whose parents were considered to have primarily used unfavorable methods would then exhibit higher levels of impulsivity than participants’ whose parents mainly used favorable methods. Additionally, it was hypothesized that males would show greater levels of impulsivity than females. A two-way ANOVA revealed that there no significant differences. The implications of these findings are discussed. Gender Differences in the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Impulsive Behavior Research in the field has shown powerful relationships between impulsive behavior and circumstantial factors such as upbringing and gender (Chapple & Johnson, 2007; Hayslett-McCall & Bernard, 2002; Sampson & Laub, 1995, as cited in Brannigan et al., 2002; Tittle, Ward, & Grasmick, 2003).
In addition, overweight and obese applicants are viewed as having poor self-discipline, low supervisory potential, poor personal hygiene, and less ambition and productivity, Larkin & Pines (1979). Nearly half, (43%), of overweight people report experiencing weight bias from employers and supervisors, Puhl & Brownell, (2001). A 2007 study of over 2,800 Americans found that overweight adults were 12 times more likely to experience weight-based employment
Sex-role stereotypes are magnified in male-dominant firms and are harmful to women psychologically as stereotypes generate violence and gender inequality that is a form of exclusion (Forret & Dougherty, 2004). Stereotypes place women in a subordinate position to men in a patriarchal and sexist model in which their function is to serve the other and not to lead (Llopis, 2006). Men can handily adjust to male-dominated structures because they can read masculine culture better than women and because their peers are just as them. Increasing internal visibility is greatly related to the number of promotions and total compensation for men but not for women. There can be several explanations but one explanation might be that the work assignments
As a result, women may have a sense of inferiority due to the physical differences between the two, which serve as the basis of gender inequality. Undoubtedly, women participation has increased significantly in the recent past. Statistics from University of Maryland shows that nearly seventy-five percent of women between the ages of 25 to 54 are now currently engaging in the working force. Men’s rates are slightly higher only, which eighty-five percent of men are engaging in the working force. Women have also started to engage in “male fields,” which are the jobs that were previously dominated by men.
This may come as a shock since it is easy to assume girls pay attention more, and therefore participate more in school. This is an obvious example of gender stereotyping when it comes to communication, however it happens to be wrong. Gender differences are important because some stereotypes can be misleading when it comes to communication among the different sexes. There are obvious differences when it comes to gender, but one of the biggest differences is the way the genders communicate with each other, and the opposite sex. The
Numerous studies have shown that girls are better readers than boys. While a few contribute there differences to the genetic makeup of the different sexes, most researchers have found that basic gender characteristics affected by environmental factors contribute to the lower levels of reading comprehension in boys compared to girls. Boys’ attitudes, interests, and motivation towards reading are influenced not only by peers, parents, and teachers, but also the variety of available books for pleasure reading and the variety of required texts for learning. Before analyzing the factors that influence these differences, it is important to understand the complexity of reading comprehension. The National Reading Panel defines the five building blocks of reading including phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
Out of all these criteria I believe that body language is one of the most significant cues and it reveals tremendous information about ones gender role in the society. Devor clearly discerns the differences in body language between women and men. Body postures can clearly send a message of “subordinate status and vulnerability (532)” or “support the assumption of dominance and authority (534)”. Body language it is also referred to as a non-verbal communication. It includes facial expression, hand and arm movement, posture, position and other movements of the body, legs or feet.