Psychology- as explored through the eyes of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow When Carl Jung says, “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves”, he very aptly describes the role that Psychology plays in exploring and examining the processes of the human brain and how that impacts our behaviors and personality. Comparing the theories of Jung and Maslow could take hours since each one had enough to say about what their beliefs were about the human condition. But while Carl Jung focused on how the unconscious affected our personality (Introversion and Extraversion), Abraham Maslow focused on the integration of self (Self-Actualization Theory). Jung believed that there were active centers in the unconscious
Sigmund Freud was one of the most powerful intellectuals of his time. He was the tower of strength in which psychoanalysis was created, with his brilliant thoughts and researches he cultivated theories and teachings that is the groundwork for several school of thoughts for psychology. Freud’s theoretical positions incorporate the ideas of repression, the unconscious, and the infantile sexuality. These three groups offered an explanation for the formation of the mind and also suggestions for the perceptive of psychological development of an individual. According to the author, “Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict”.
This paper is a brief description of the important figures in the history of psychology and the three major levels of analysis in psychology. Important Figures in the History of Psychology Philosophers’ thinking about thinking started from 300 B.C.E with Aristotle and continued until the birth of psychology, as we know it. With activities ranging from the study of nerve cell activity to the study of international conflicts, psychology is not easily defined and these discoveries were made from some very interesting philosophers. (Myers, 2011) In the 2002 study ranking the 99 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, B.F. Skinner topped the list. Skinner's staunch behaviorism made him a dominating force in psychology and therapy techniques based on his theories are still used extensively today, including behavior modification and token economies.
The Psychoanalysis Perspective Abstract. Sigmund Freud, the Father of Personality Psychology, highlights many theories in his writings. Most noted in this paper was the Psychoanalytic Perspective, which gives an in-depth view of determinism, the importance of conflict, early experience, infantile sexuality, and most illustrious the importance of unconscious motivation. This theory assumed that there exist three levels of consciousness in which the human mind functions. People did not come to accept his theory at first, but after much testing it was proven mostly valid and reliable.
He grew up in one of the most exciting times in human history, when the basis of modern science was being laid down by early psychophysicalists like Billroth, Helmholtz and Brucke (Sulloway, 1979). While, Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory endured condemnation and in some cases outright ridicule when it was first published, it has produced many groundbreaking insights about unconscious, the role of internal conflict, and the importance of early childhood experiences in personality development (Weiten, W. 2004, p 480). Furthermore these theories are supported by research which demonstrated that firstly, unconscious forces can influence behavior, secondly, internal conflict plays a key role in generating psychological distress, thirdly, early childhood experiences can have powerful influences on personality and finally, people do use defense mechanisms to reduce their experience of unpleasant emotions (Westen, 1998; Westen & Gabbard, 1999). In 1915 Freud published essay Instincts and Their Vicissitudes in which he put forward an idea “the three great polarities that dominate mental life”, pleasure-unpleasure, active-passive and internal-external (Freud,
To some extent the answer has to be yes. We are all Freudians, really, whether or not we have read a single work by Freud. At one time or another, most of us have referred to ego, libido, complexes, unconscious desires, and sexual repression. The premises of Freud's thought have changed the way the WHAT IS PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM? Western world thinks about itself.
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, has been incredibly influential in the discipline of psychology, paving the way for the field of psychoanalysis. His theories focus on the unconscious mind, which he believed had three components: the id, the ego, and the superego. All of our primitive desires and thoughts came from the id and the id’s desires needed to be satisfied somehow. Freud placed a large emphasis on the sexual drive, which he called the “libido”, and one’s need to take care of this drive. He believed sexual energy that was fixated or stuck was the cause of most psychological problems.
Erik Erikson Today, the American psychoanalyst, Erik Erikson is best known as the “Architect of Identity, and the “Father of Psychosocial Development”. Erikson is a Freudian ego-psychologist, meaning that he accepts Freud’s ideas as basically correct, although he has been known to look farther into the culture, and society-oriented parts (Beoree, 1997). Maybe that is why Erikson’s theories are popular among Freudian’s and non-Freudian’s alike. He is credited for widening the scope of psychoanalytic theory to take greater account of social, cultural, and other environment factors (Slater, 2002). Erik Erikson was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Theory Assignment Cogitative Behavioural Therapy, also referred to as CBT, has its roots in the work of early behaviourist such as Ivan Pavlov, Burrhus Frederic Skinner & Hans Eysenck & the cognitive therapy movement inspired by Albert Ellis & Aaron Beck. Behaviour Therapy came into being due to changing views about Freud’s psychodynamic approach, which had dominated scientific beliefs since its inception during the early 1900’s. Behavioural Therapy was used extensively throughout the 1950’s & 1960’s & was considered very successful, especially when used with client’s who had anxiety issues or obsessive-compulsive disorders. However during the 1970’s some therapists were becoming frustrated with traditional Behavioural Therapy as it tended to focus on correcting behaviours without focussing on how thoughts & emotions impacted on a person & prevented behavioural change taking place. Ellis, whose work was influenced by Alfred Adler & behaviourists John Dollard & Joseph Wolpe, began developing what is now known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT).
The Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology Angela Agcaoili PSY/250 March 27, 2012 Tracy A. Keaton, MS, LPC, NCC The Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology While Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung may not be the forefathers of psychology, their theories are still very well-known and discussed among current students of the field, psychologists and even laymen. Their contributions to the field of psychology, especially the psychology of personality, are innumerable, and while we have learned much more and some of their views have been disproven, they have taught us much about the field. Some of their theories are similar and there are also some obvious differences. Carl Jung was a fan of Sigmund Freud and sent him a copy of his book in 1906. After this, the two men became close friends and studied and worked together for several years.