The study of all of these factors has advanced and become more prominent over the past years, thus giving us a better understanding on how they affect behavior. In this essay I have chosen to write about the endocrine system and how that can affect behavior. The endocrine system consists of glands secreting hormones into the bloodstream and affects the communication inside the body. Our character and bahavior depends greatly on our hormone balance. The endocrine system consists of mainly the pituitary and pineal glands in the brain, the thyroid and parathyroid in the throat, the thymus gland which is located near the heart, the adrenal and sexual glands.
Hormones, which are chemical messengers, transfer information from one gland to another for important body functions. When the receptor is stimulated, the cell responds to the hormone in specific ways. Endocrine hormones are secreted into the bloodstream, while exocrine hormones are secreted into a duct and go through paracrine signaling. Hormones have many different effects on the body such as mood swings, metabolism regulation, control of the reproductive system, hunger cravings and many others. The glands which are involved in the endocrine system
During exercise our body undergoes a lot of changes. We sweat to keep our body cool. We increase or metabolism to make sure we have adequate ATP for our muscles. We also increase respiratory rate to provide more oxygen for our body. When exercising the cardiovascular system has different functions during exercise , such as it delivers oxygen to working muscles, oxygenates blood by returning it to the lungs, transports heat from the core to the skin, it delivers nutrients and fuel to active tissues and I also transports hormones .
The human body produces hormones which act as “chemical messengers” to try to regulate certain bodily functions like metabolism and growth. These hormones are produced in the endocrine system which includes the adrenal, pancreas, pineal, pituitary, and thyroid glands and manage things like puberty, growth, and physical changes. Hormones help the body maintain homeostasis or a state of balance within the body. When the body produces to much or to little of a hormone it can cause both physical and emotional problems. The growth rate of children is for the most part controlled by the hormones produced from the thyroid and pituitary glands.
c. Is your example in part 1a an example of autoregulation or extrinsic regulation? Why? It is an example of extrinsic regulation because the heart’s beating faster was a response to the nervous system, which sensed the change in blood pressure and acted accordingly. 2a. After reading pages 12-15 of your textbook, please describe how a receptor, control center, and effector differ from one another.
Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force created by the heart as it pushes blood into the arteries and the circulatory system. When the heart pumps, it causes blood to flow through the arteries and into the arterioles. As the blood goes through the arterioles, the arterioles either contract or expand altering both the amount of blood flow and the resistance to blood flow. If the arterioles remain in a contracted form, they create high blood pressure. The heart must then pump harder because the arterioles are exerting a greater resistance to blood flow.
This is important statement because it proves that gender identity and sexual orientation is not purely choice, but driven by biological forces. Because hormones play such a diverse role in bodily functions, I will break down hormones into categories to provide clarification. Hormones are chemicals that come from the endocrine gland and are released into the circulatory system (Pinel, 2009). Hormones affect other endocrine glands or various parts in the nervous system. There are three types of hormones: amino acids, peptides and proteins, and steroids (Pinel, 2009).
In biological factors, the amygdala comes out to be important in brain’s emotional circuit. It plays an important role in emotional memories. Some studies had specified that stress hormones such as adrenaline are released when strong emotions are bringing to mind. LeDoux in The Emotional Brain (1999) describes two biological paths of emotions in the brain. The short route is the first one which goes from thalamus to amygdala, the long route is the second one that passes through the neocortex and hippocampus before it comes out as an emotional reaction.
The first stage of the stress response occurs when the hypothalamus in the brain detects stress and switches on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) to induce a rush of adrenaline. The (SNS) activates body functions involved in the stress response by releasing Noradrenaline via the sympathetic nerves and Adrenaline and Noradrenaline via the Adrenal Medulla. These neurotransmitters work to increase heart rate, blood pressure, cellular metabolism and bronchial dilation with a view to ensuring that adequate oxygen, nutrients and energy supplies are delivered to essential organs in preparation for an emergency response. Moreover, these chemical messengers are also responsible for vasoconstriction of blood vessels which inhibit the functioning of the digestive system; this prevents blood from being diverted from essential
Damage to these areas of the brain can change a person’s behaviour for example damage to the frontal lobe can affect personality. Another assumption of the biological approach is behaviour can be explained in terms of hormones. Hormones regulate different behaviours. Hormones are biochemical substances that are produced by endocrine glands such as pituitary glands and adrenal glands. Hormones are transported through the blood stream to various organs and tissues.