The majority of new laws or changes to existing laws come from government but the can also come from MP’s, Lords or even a member of the public. E.g. ‘Sarah’s Law’. Both the House of Commons and House of Lords must debate and vote on the proposals. 2.
Each bill has to go through First reading, Second reading, Committee stage, Report stage and Third reading in both the Commons and Lords. Second reading consists of a debate on the principle of the bill which involves shadow minister and backbenchers. During the committee stage a public bill committee established for the bill may take evidence and carry out meticulous scrutiny on each clause of the bill, as well as making amendments. Finally, during the third reading there is a debate on the final bill and a vote may take place. After passing through one House, the bill will have to be passed by the other House before it could become law.
The Commons Select Committees are generally responsible for overseeing the work of government departments and agencies, whereas those of the Lords look at general issues, such as the constitution or the economy. Both Houses have their own Committees to review drafts of European Union directives. Rarely, there are also select committees of the Commons. Their role is to carry out detailed analysis of individual Bills. Most Bills since 2006-07are referred to public bill committees.
To answer this question one has to first describe and provide reasons for the rules which govern the legislative powers of the House of Lords in comparison to those of the House of Commons. To properly appreciate the rules one should determine the composition of the people who are subject to the rules first. Each member of the House of Commons represents a constituent of the UK and is voted for by that constituent, voting takes place once every term of parliament. Members of the House of Lords are selected not on a voting basis and are chosen from one of the two following methods. Hereditary members are those who inherit their status as from their family, non-hereditary members are chosen by the prime minister in recognition to their expertise to become life peers.
•Transport. •Military spending. * Drafting laws- This is process where new law is created, and then law are criticized by House of Commons and House of Lords, to check that new law can be used in country. * Defending the nation: The government protect the security, independence and interests of our country at home and abroad. Monarchy The Queen has some important roles, they are: * Advice and guidance to the Prime Minister: She talk with the prime minister every week, to find out the situation in country and to give him some advices if needed.
House of lords First reading intro Second reading debate Amendments Third reading Royal assent This process of a policy in government may seem very long and drawn out and some may wonder if some policies ever get to be approved. There are cases where a policy has stayed as a policy for years however this system is in place for a very good reason like making sure polices are complete trying to compromise with all parties and making sure there are no loop holes within the policy that people can exploit and bend this is also why the policy is seen by the house of lords and then finally approved by the queen. Some policies that are already in place may need to be updated to keep up with the time and current
An essential model of the executive that has been in operation for many of our previous governments is Cabinet government, which could be said to sprout from the idea that the prime minister was originally ‘primus inter pares’, according to Walter Bagehot – or ‘first among equals’. This form of leadership is usually approached with prime ministers using cabinet frequently to seek advice and counsel on issues and even proposed legislation. As the chair of cabinet and head of government, the prime minister has power over the length and frequency of the meetings, and as part of Cabinet government, this is usually exercised in a manner such that the Prime minister does not have any significant power over the rest of cabinet, and therefore decisions should be made collectively as possible, and consensus should be achieved. The issue of collective responsibility must also be mentioned; this is an important aspect of UK government and maintains strength in the executive. This type of government was operating in full flow under the leadership of James Callaghan in 1976, where he allowed his cabinet to freely debate whether or not the UK should accept the loan from the IMF.
Every bill which passes the House of Representatives and the Senate is presented to the President of the United States before it become a law. (B) What does The Common Body of Tax Law consist of and how does a tax bill become law? The legislative process for most tax bills is as follows: Upon its introduction, a tax bill is referred to either of two Congressional committees, the House Ways and Means Committee or the Senate Finance Committee. After hearings and committee deliberation, the bill is sent to the floor of the House or Senate, where it is deliberated on before a vote. A bill that is passed in one chamber will then be sent to the other chamber and is called an engrossed bill.
In that regard, Major adopted a more collegiate style in his cabinet, making sure that all ministers had a contribution in the discussions at hand. In illustration of this, Major used cabinet meetings to merge factions in his party that were divided on certain issues. Major ultimately led a party that was divided in cabinet; forming factions of pro-Europeans and Eurosceptic ministers when discussing policy on Europe. A significant consequence of this more collective approach to his cabinet is that it was key to Major’s insurance in office; or what kept him in the role as PM for 6 years. In addition to his more collegiate style in office, Major did also share close ties with particular senior ministers during his term.
* The extent to which the UK has a unitary system of government is debatable following Britain’s membership of the EU and devolution within the UK. * Constitutional reform is debated in both the US and the UK. However, the debate is often in different areas. * In the US, constitutional reform usually comes of calls for further amendments to the Constitution. These have included proposals to balance the federal budget, ban flag desecration, permit prayers in state-run schools and preserve the traditional concept of marriage.