Exothermic and endothermic reactions. First law of thermodynamics and enthalpies of reactions. Calculate standard enthalpies of formations (using the equation on page 191). Electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect and continuous and line spectra. Energy levels and electron configurations (including representation using orbital diagrams) of several common elements on the periodic table.
9. What is meant by “dynamic equilibrium”? EQUILIBRIUM APPLICATIONS: SOLUBILITY 1. a) Calculate the solubility of AgBr in pure water. Ksp of AgBr is 7.7(10-13 [8.8(10-7 mol/L] b) Calculate the solubility of AgBr in a 0.10 mol/L NaBr solution. [7.7(10-12 mol/L] 2.
Smith R, McKee J, Zanger M. The electrophilic bromination of toluene: Determination of the ortho, meta, and para ratios by quantitative FTIR spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION. 2002;79:227-229. 2. Zachariou M, ebrary eBooks, Springer Protocols.
If the reaction is first order, its graphical representation is seen as ln[A] (natural log of concentration) vs. time, and the slope of its like is also the negative rate constant. Finally, for a second order reaction the graph is shown as 1/[A] (inverse of concentration) vs. time, and the slope of its given line is the positive rate constant. By understanding the rate law and finding the value of the correct rate constant with respect to the order of the reaction, one can determine the half-life of the crystal violet. This is because the crystal violet undergoes a decay reaction with the sodium hydroxide. According to Beer's Law, the absorbance of crystal violet is proportional to its concentration.
Abstract The focus of this experiment was to analyze the kinetics of a nucleophilic substitution. A mixture of 0.3622-M 1-bromopropane and 0.3622-M potassium hydroxide in an 90:10 ethanol/water solvent provided the reactants for a SN2 reaction to occur in a temperature controlled bath at 50.0˚C. The disappearing reactant was found by titrating timed aliquots during the reaction and then measuring the concentration of hydroxide. The k-value was found to be 0.0202 M-1Min-1. Using the linear form of the Arrhenius equation the activation energy was calculated to be 19.9 kcal/mol.
The formula for the hydrate is written as BaI2 • 2H2O And it is named barium iodide dihydrate. Mole conversions (DRAW) Nomenclature Help: B: -3 C: -2 N: -1 Cl: -1 Br: -1 I: -2 S, Se, Te: -2 P, As: -3 Si: -4 PER adds one
William Flores-Paz Monitoring Acid-Base Titrations with a pH meter October 30, 2013 Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to record the volume of HCl and acetic acid with a NaOH with a known molarity. This data would allow us to create a graph so we could compare the two titration curves. We would then use these curves to calculate the unknown molarities. HCl + NaOH >H2O + NaCl This equation shows the relationship between the acid and the base then the reaction goes forward and they are titrated creating salt and water. This particular reaction is a strong acid and a strong base which means that when the reaction reaches the equivalence point, the moles of the acid and the base are equal and the solution is neutral so the pH should be around 7.0 depending on the final volume of each solution.
Write a hypothesis on what you think will happen when mixed. 3. Combine the substances; record observations. Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium 1. Add hydrochloric acid to a test tube.
Lab 5: Determination of a Chemical Formula (Expt 8) 1. Understand how to calculate: a. Mass ratio b. Mole ratio c. Percentage difference 2. Remember that Zn is in excess. Therefore the reacted Zn = initial mass – excess mass.
Becomes a theory. 4. What is the difference between catastrophism and uniformitarianism? Uniformitarianism is that things change very slow and catastrophism is catastrophes. 5.