First I would like to start by giving a brief definition of what or better said – how, criminology differs from victimology. Criminology is more concerned with the origin of crime along the extent and nature of crime. Criminology places an emphasis on studying the offender, the crimes, and the motives behind the crime. It is also the study of how the public and criminal justice system responds to the offender. Victimology plays a very important role in criminology and is used to determine what the victim’s behavior has to do with their risk of being victimized.
Deborah L Ikeda-Dore Colorado Technical University Online Victimology - Wolfgang and Lifestyle theories CJUS280-1501A-02 January 6, 2015 Victimology is the science of studying the harm experienced by individuals physically, financially, and emotionally due to illegal activities, (Karmen, 2013, p. 2). Victimology is traditionally considered a subarea of criminology. There are many victimization theories that describe aspects of victimology. Lifestyle theory is one that is based on the victim’s lifestyle. This theory not only centers on routine activities, but also the appearance, location, and vulnerability of the individual, (Kramer, 2013).
Secondly, covered is the investigation into this crime, the apprehension and conviction of the offender. Thirdly consideration of the offence and offender, the circumstances that led this victim to the attention of the offender, also an explanation of the type of homicide committed. Finally, suggestion of possible criminal justice interventions which if implemented may have prevented this crime. Before an investigation can begin, a crime needs to be committed and then reported to the authorities. Information pertaining to this crime has been taken from interviews
Your personality biological and psychological All have to do why people commit criminal activity. The National crime victimization the Strength of this is that it measure annual crime. The weaknesses is that a significant amount Of crime is not being reported. The uniform crime report strength it measure murders and Arrests. Weaknesses are that contains reporting errors.
Tiffany Allen CJ 210: Criminal Investigation Professor Cindy Johnson March 3, 2013 In Today’s society there are many specific ethical considerations that need to be addressed when investigating a specific crime. In this report I will talk about Rape and Homicide. Rape is when the victim is forced to have sexual intercourse. A Homicide is a person who kills another human being. Other questions that I will also talk about are how to reduce ethical problems in an investigation, what prosecution problems could arise and what ethical issues are related to the prosecution.
Different sociologists have presented different theories and concepts to explain what drives a person to commit a crime, and research and statistics give us an idea of the type of crimes committed and the places that they’re most likely to occur. However, these statistics can prove to be misleading as not all crime is reported to or recorded by the police. This can be referred to as the ‘hidden figure’, and it differentiates between the official crime rate and the real rate. Despite this, they do prove to be worthwhile in the fact that they display trends and patterns of crime. Sociologists use three different methods to measure crime; each method provides us with particular information and as in all systems of data collecting, there are strengths and weaknesses to the method.
In this essay we will assess the usefulness of these functionalist theories, and look at how it helps us explain crime. One functionalist who tried to explain crime is Merton and his strain theory, the strain theory argues that people engage in the deviant behaviour when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means. Merton explanation combines 2 elements; structural factors- society’s unequal opportunity structure, cultural factors- strong emphasis to achieve goals and weak emphasis on using legit means. Merton uses the strain theory to explain some patterns of crime in society, he argues a person’s positioning in society affects the way they adapt or respond to the strain to anomie. Merton gives 5 different types of adaption; Conformity- the individual accepts socially acceptable goal and achieves it through legitimate means, Innovation- Individual accepts the role of success and wealth but uses illegitimate means to achieve them, Ritualism- Individual give up on legitimate goals but still follow strictly to the rules, Retreatism- Individuals reject legitimate goals and means of achieving them e.g drug addicts, the final type is Rebellion- Individuals reject existing goals and means but replace them with new one in desire to bring about revolutionary change.
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to explain the current law governing murder and manslaughter. In addition, this paper will analyze the effectiveness of the defence of provocation and determine whether a law reform on this special defence is necessary in order to reflect the social changes over the centuries. Murder and Manslaughter The general principal in criminal law is that a person will not be held liable unless both actus reus and mens rea can be established. Both offences of murder and manslaughter require the same actus reus, which is an unlawful killing of a person in being in the Queen’s peace. Since murder is a consequence crime, the prosecutors must also show that the act of the accused is a substantial operative cause of the death.
Week 2 Candice S. Brooks Instructor: Dr. Nwokoji 4007676 American Public University System CMRJ531 June 16, 2013 The profession of criminal profiling/ offender profiling is defined as a series of investigative techniques used to assess the characteristics of an unknown criminal offender (Devery, 2010). Criminal profiling is based upon the premise that a criminal’s personality and mannerisms actually dictate their daily behaviour as well as their criminal actions. After crime scene evidence is evaluated, the criminal profiler pieces together the information that is known from past criminal acts to include personality traits and behaviours of other criminals who have committed similar acts. The profiler can actually construct a profile by using a description of the characteristics in the suspect. These practices often lead to locating suspects, yet they are still often scrutinized in the media and cause a great deal of controversy.
Personal Criminological Theory Taniqua S. Shepperson AJS542 Criminological Theory March 31, 2013 Angela Dudley Personal Criminological Theory Introduction Understanding the reasoning’s behind why a person commits a crime, violent or simple, requires an in-depth understanding of both the criminal justice system and theories associated with crime. The criminological theory offers many reasons for criminal behavior. These reasons vary from society to mental issues. These reasons, or theories, offer researched data that assists law makers in defining how crimes are punished and prevented. Some of those theories include: Social learning, rational choice, and labeling theory.