Each word from one category (high-arousal) had a word in the other category (neutral) that was of same length and began with the same letter. We came up the words used in this experiment ourselves, however, there were some words that were also used in the experiment conducted by Thomas et al. (2005). There were also 32 different gray-scale photographs of individuals displaying facial expressions used, provided by NimStim Tottenham (2009). Each photograph displayed either a happy facial expression or a fearful expression and each facial expression was shown once on each individual (a total of 16 different individuals).
| Reaction Times: Men vs. Women | | | To determine which gender has a faster reaction time using a reaction time yard stick. The experiment involved testing a total of 60 subjects, 30 men and 30 women, and documenting the results. The results were then calculated to determine the mean of each gender and the standard deviation to see if there was a significant difference between the reaction time of men versus the reaction time of women. | Reaction time is measured by the amount of time elapsed between application of a stimulus and detection of a response. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if men or women have faster reaction times by measuring the reaction time of subjects using a reaction time stick.
For people with just occasional difficulty seeing close up. While most presbyopia these days choose line-free progressive lenses, conventional bifocals and trifocals have some advantages over progressives. In particular, bifocal and trifocal lenses usually provide wider lens areas for reading and computer work than progressive lenses. There are many special-purpose bifocal and trifocal lens designs available, including special glasses for computers for other tasks that require excellent intermediate and near vision. Multifocal eyeglass lenses contain two or more lens powers to help you see objects at all distances after you have the ability to naturally change the focus of your eyes due to presbyopia.
If there is a row of 20 circles on top of a row of 20 triangles, the brain will interpret it as two horizontal lines of circles and triangles as opposed to 20 vertical lines of a circle and triangle. This allows the brain to function better because it can understand two lines better than 20 lines of two different shapes. The third principle is proximity. The brain uses proximity when there are objects that are close together as one whole object. If a girl looks at a picture and there are 100 small circles within the same proximity, her brain will construe it as one large bunch of circles.
How would you demonstrate the central limit theorem to your classmates? * When the sample size is larger the smaller the standard deviation or error, then you will have a more dependable estimate. Also remember to analyze the mean with bigger samples. Based on the normality, the central limit theorem is relied on all statistics and tests. It is possible to normalize the data when the population shape has a known skew.
What are you going to do with the outlier? Please provide a rationale for your decision. (0 marks as this question is part of data screening for the writing of the results in Task 10) Participant two’s score was changed to 256, which was one unit higher than the next most extreme score identified. Perform data screening. Was there a normal distribution?
Psychology : Recall and Recognition Research Investigaton Hypothesis It is hypothesized that when Group A (Recall group) and Group B (Recognition Group) are required to correctly remember as many nonsense syllables as possible, participants in Group B are more likely to accurately and correctly remember a larger number of nonsense syllables compared to participants in Group A. What is the IV? Method of retrieval, recall vs recognition What is the DV? The number of nonsense syllables correctly remembered Long-Term memory (including duration and capacity) The relatively permanent memory system that holds vast amounts of information for a long period of time Recall Measure of retention that involves reproducing information that has been stored in memory Recognition Measure of retention that involves identifying the correct information from among alternatives Memory The processing, storage and retrieval of information acquired through learning. There are 2 types of memory: short term and long term.
Describe and evaluate changes that could be made to the way your chosen study was conducted (10 marks) One change to the study would be to change the sample from 40 American males to include both women and other nationalities from all around the world; the sample could be collected by an opportunity sample where you take 2 females and 2 males from 6 different countries such as the UK, China, Norway, North Korea and Russia, you would then be able to see the results for different cultures and if this effects their levels of obedience, using this kind of sample you would expect countries such as North Korea and Russia to be more obedient as they are use to following rules where as the people from China may be more family/people orientated so
Objectives of Lecture 10 After completing this lecture you should be able to: 1. conduct hypothesis testing for comparing two population means for large independent samples 2. conduct hypothesis testing for comparing two population means for small independent samples 3. conduct hypothesis testing for comparing two population means for small dependent samples 4. conduct hypothesis testing for comparing two population proportions for large independent samples drawn from binomial populations 5. understand the F-distribution and read critical values from F-tables 6. conduct hypothesis testing for comparing two population variances 7. conduct one sample Chi-Square tests 8. conduct Chi-Square tests for contingency tables 1 24 24.1 Two-Sample tests Comparing two population means: Independent samples Two independent samples are samples in which the reading in one sample is not related to or dependent upon the reading in the other sample. H0 Ha : : or or µ1 − µ2 µ1 − µ2 µ1 − µ2 µ1 − µ2 =δ ̸= δ δ 24.1.1 2 2 Case 1: n1 , n2 large, σ1 , σ2 known Use a Z− test with test statistic x 1 − x2 − δ ¯ ¯ Z= √ 2 ∼ N (0, 1) 2 σ1 σ2 + n2 n1 24.1.2 2 2 Case 2: n1 , n2 large, σ1 , σ2 unknown (1) Use a Z− test with test statistic x 1 − x2 − δ ¯ ¯ Z= √ 2 ∼ N (0, 1) σ1 ˆ σ2 ˆ + n2 n1 2 Example 1 A potential buyer of electric bulbs bought 100 bulbs each of two famous brands, A and B. Upon testing both these samples, he found that brand A had a mean life of 1500 hours with σ1 = 50 hours whereas ˆ brand B had an average life of 1530 hours with σ2 = 60 hours. Can it be concluded at 5% level of ˆ significance that the two brands differ significantly in quality? 24.1.3 2 2 Case 3: n1 , n2 small, σ1 , σ2 unknown but assumed equal, small independent samples from normal populations (2) Use a t− test with test statistic t= where s2 = p x1 − x 2 − δ ¯ ¯ √ ∼ tn1 +n2 −2 1
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Introduction In order to evaluate the success rate and robustness of the Krill Herd Algorithm with neighbourhood distance concept, it was tested on twenty benchmark functions consisting both of unimodal and multimodal test function at different population sizes and at different dimension of 2, 20 and 30. The results obtained are compared with the other results present in the literature. To validate the performance of proposed KHAMCD it is also tested on two standards complex constraint comparative medium and large scale ELD problem such as 15 unit and 40 unit test system along with its transmission losses and prohibited operating zones (POZ). All the experiments were conducted on a laptop computer with 1.80 GHz