18th Century Russia Research Paper

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Brian Ernst 18th Century Russia...or Were There Two? There have been many historians argue whether the Petrine reforms and the reforms of the 18th Century Russian Czars caused a great rift in Russian society between the “world” of the nobility and that of the peasant majority, thus creating “two Russias”, that is, two Russian societies coexisting in the same era. To get to the heart of this debate, it is essential to look at the origin and development of both the nobility and the peasants in Russian history. After uncovering the developmental paths of each class, it is then necessary to look at the western movement started by Peter the Great and carried on by his successors throughout the eighteenth century. Specifically,…show more content…
Peter brought a strong philosophy that it was a burden to rule, so he ruled with a burden to be the first servant of Russia, building her up. As Peter ascended to power, his first order of business was to go on a Grand Embassy of Europe. Throughout his experience, Peter never seemed particularly impressed with Europe’s governmental structures, but was quite impressed with western culture and technology. Upon returning to Russia, Peter, believing that what’s good for Russia is what Russia will do, began a series of reforms that are known as the Petrine Reforms. These Petrine Reforms are the beginning of this western movement throughout all of Russia. The idea was to adopt western ideas and adapt them to Russia’s…show more content…
Additionally, all nobles had to serve Russia for life in some capacity from the age of 16 on. Conversely, the peasants only had to actively serve for twenty-five years, spending the rest of their lives in reserves. Ultimately, everyone served regardless of their social status. With political reforms, he was sure to create some structure. He created a college system, similar to departments or ministries. Each college was made up of a body of bureaucrats of at least nine people that governed a section of the government. Economically, Peter instituted a poll tax to raise efficiency over collecting revenue. Nobles, however, didn’t have to pay most of the taxes. He also mandated some canal and road projects to create work and improve transportation. Finally on a social level, Peter created schools, etiquette manuals, published a newspaper, simplified written Russian with orthography, and theatrics
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