Bowlby believed that attachments are natural and adaptive. He also believed that we are all born with an inherited need to form attachments and this is to help us survive. This can also line up with Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which explains that any behaviour that helps us to survive to maturity and reproduce will be maintained in the gene pool. For example; a baby relies on its mother for food and care etc and without the mother the baby would be helpless. Babies have social releaser which unlocks the innate tendency for adults to care for them; these are both physical and behavioural social releasers.
C. Define the major principles associated within this theory as they relate to the psychology of learning. D. Summarize how this theory makes use of prior experience in explaining how people learn E. Describe how this theory explains how permanent change in behavior takes place. F. Apply this theory to
The nature-nurture debate is all about whether genetics (nature) or our environment (nurture) is responsible for our behaviour and development. Early theorists believed that our personality, intellect, behaviour and gender role were determined by our genes and therefore could not be changed. But an increasing amount of evidence has proved these theorists wrong, and our development as an individual is learnt through the environment we live in. One developmental stage of an individual that psychologists have the nature-nurture debate about is the intelligence stage. The nature side of that intelligence is present at birth and we already have a set amount of intelligence.
Some are earlier than others and some must be later. In the short story, "The Most Powerful Question a Parent Can Ask..." by 'Neil Millar' shows the most respectful approach of parents to their children because when they talk to their children, they make them understand in a calm voice and not be all tensed which will just confuse the child. Also they make their children understand by not forcing them to do chores, but telling them how responsibility will grow on you later in life, and eventually you will have to learn it at some point of life. They explain to their kids much more in a depth concept which makes their kids want to learn so they will be well prepared for the future. "Parents are guides and leaders to their children, not a nanny."
Nature versus Nurture of Child development “Genes and family may determine the foundation of the home, but time and place determine its form.”(Kagan, 2010). Every person in this world has their own distinctive personality and behavior. People may wonder why an individual acts the way they do or what makes someone different from each other? These kinds of questions naturally intrigue us. Personality psychologists claimed that one of the most profound challenges is to account for personality development, that’s why they put this into a study whether an individual’s behavior are caused by heredity or the environment, this study is known as the “nature” and “nurture”.
Skinner with the “Skinner Box”. This was a study that was done to prove that we could modify behavior by giving positive reinforcements. B.F. Skinner believed that the best way for us to understand behavior was to look at what caused the behavior and what the consequences were from us participating in the behavior. The field of psychology learned that when an individual is positively reinforced for participation in a specific wanted behavior the individual is more likely to repeat the wanted behavior. This is used mostly in parenting by rewarding a child for being good.
Bowlby argued that the attachment behaviours in both caregivers and babies evolved ensuring the survival of the baby until maturity and reproduce. Babies produce instincts like crying and smiling which encourages the caregiver to look after it. Parents especial mothers as per to Bowlby have instincts to protect their baby from harm and nurture them ensuring their survival until maturity. Those babies and mother who don’t possess these behaviours have been less successful. A second most important concept in Bowlby’s theory was the idea of monotrophy a single attachment to one person who is most important to the baby.
Every parent hopes their child will grow up to be successful, self reliant and respectful. In some instances such as in the short story "Be-ers and Doers" by Budge Wilson you can have a parent pushing you too far to become their idea of the “perfect child". However in the short story "The most powerful Question a Parent Can Ask..." by Neil Millar, the author shows us that there are more efficient ways of raising a child. “The most powerful Question a Parent Can Ask...” has a much more respectful approach when it comes to raising
Altruism is regard for and dedication of the welfare of others (Alfred et al, 1976). One of the most important reasons of the development of prosocial behaviour is empathy. Empathy is an emotional response that occurs as a result emotional state of another person. The ability to detect accurately what another person is feeling, and to see a thing from the other person’s perspective is also what empathy entails. Empathy develops from a young age as a result of the interaction that occurs between the caregiver and the child.
First of all, children are very likely to imitate what they see. So they are most influenced by their parents, both thinking and behavior. Kids learn habits from their parents, but adolescents learn a whole life style from them. Kids are sometimes expected to become their parents' desired models. Actually, a kid often desires to become a person like his mother or father.