It is a generalised concept that if the cause of the symptoms were tackled it would only be logical that the symptoms would then cease. The Psychodynamic theory assumes the personality is split into three parts, the id (most primitive, instinctive part we have from birth), the ego (logical, balances out the id and superego) and the superego or moral part of our personality. These areas influence our behaviour as well as the defence mechanisms of the ego, and the psychosexual stages of development. Defence mechanisms are used
According to Freud, three aspects of early childhood development are the developing of the ego, id and superego in resolving the conflicts during early childhood stages: the oral stage, anal stage and phallic stages of development including the Oedipus complex (Quigley, Psychoanalysis). This is what is known as the Psychoanalytic theory of human development. Generally, the personality develops through the structures of the mind and into three parts with separate motivations; ID, the emotional and irrational part of the brain; the Ego the mostly rational part of the brain; and the Superego the part of the brain that brings morality to the table. Freud believed that a psychic energy was required for movement through the stages (Neil, Major Themes) Freud claimed that all human beings are born with certain instincts, i.e. with a natural tendency to satisfy their biologically determined needs for food, shelter and warmth that are both practical and a source of pleasure which Freud refers to as "sexual".
The structure of personality, this is something Freud said was made up of three interacting elements. The ID, the ego and the superego. All these elements must remain in balance, if they do not then intra-psychic conflict will take place and this can lead to anxiety. The other key element in this approach is psychosexual development. The theory says that the child goes through a series of stages where the instinctive energy of the id looks for gratification in different bodily areas: the erogenous zones.
Psychosocial theory states that we all have a variety of identities that are combined to make one coherent vision of self. In this theory our social and personal identities are linked, due to the fact that we need others to view us the same way over a period of time. Psychosocial theorists believe that adolescence is a time of psychosocial moratorium as young people will try various identities until finally committing to a clear vision of who they are. In other words the adolescent has achieved ego identity. Role diffusion is how Erikson defined the failure to achieve ego identity (Phoenix, 2007).
(p.463) Trait Personality: trait theories of personality focus on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions. (p.467) After reading chapter 11 in Psychology, sixth edition by Hockenbury & Hockenbury, I discovered that no single theory can sufficiently explain all of the aspects of the human personality. The Humanistic Perspective has my attention; self -concept is the set of Perceptions and beliefs that you have about yourself, including your nature, your personal qualities, and typical behavior. (p.460) this was Carol Rogers Theory (1959). Rogers (1981) further explained that cultural factors which are the major factor in our evil behaviors.
Freud’s work is considered important because he showed that childhood experiences and relationships significantly influence the development of personality in later life, (Beaver et al 2002). Freud’s theory was psychoanalysis and he believed that the personality comprised of three parts the Id, the Ego and the Superego. Freud developed a stage theory; these stages are called psychosexual and are linked to the physical pleasures associated with each stage. Freud argued that psychological health as an adult depended on how each of these stages is dealt with, and whether or not optimum gratification is gained from each stage. Freud believed that unsuccessful completion of any of these stages leads to a child becoming fixated
Psychodynamic Theories Psychodynamic theories are those propounded by Sigmund Freud, which further describe the conflict among instincts, reasons, and conscience. Although many different psychodynamic theories exist, they all emphasize unconscious motives and desires, as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality. Psychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs. Psychoanalytic Theory The psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of experiences, the unconscious, and emotions that shape one’s personality. It is based on three main assumptions: 1.
2. Branch of Neuropsychology Caramazza and Coltheart (2006) refer to cognitive neuropsychology as a deeply characteristic of cognitive neuropsychology that it studies symptoms rather than syndromes and carries out single case studies rather than group studies (p. 5). Based on Freud’s Psychodynamic theory George is experiencing an analogous split in the infant ego, with the loving parts of the self-identified as good and the aggressive and sadistic parts as bad. The need to split feelings, experiences, and relationships is anchored in the inability of the primitive infant ego to integrate diverse emotions which includes to totolerate ambivalence. Splitting allows the infant to keep contradictory feelings and impressions separate, so that it can hate safely and love safely, without its good and loving parts being destroyed by its bad and hating parts.
The Psychoanalysis Perspective Abstract. Sigmund Freud, the Father of Personality Psychology, highlights many theories in his writings. Most noted in this paper was the Psychoanalytic Perspective, which gives an in-depth view of determinism, the importance of conflict, early experience, infantile sexuality, and most illustrious the importance of unconscious motivation. This theory assumed that there exist three levels of consciousness in which the human mind functions. People did not come to accept his theory at first, but after much testing it was proven mostly valid and reliable.
His son, Kai T. Erikson is a noted American sociologist. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Like Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud, he explored social and emotional interactions between children and their caregivers. He also emphasized the relationship of early experiences to later personality development. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity.