Scott and Munsterberg were interested in the science of employee selection and psychological testing. There were others involved as well. Frederick Winslow Taylor looked at managing production workers and developed what is known as scientific management. As a means of developing a more efficient way to perform, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth made their contribution to I/O psychology by the use of designing practical technology for individuals (Spector, 2012). World War I & II used the psychology of I/O by utilizing the skills of psychologists to place soldiers properly in a position that was best suited for the military.
Another concept is studying cultural and historical relativism in defining and classifying abnormality in relation to environment. Pointing out the advantages and limitations of diagnosis is an additional concept. The fifth concept shows the principle of causality. The final concept is the connection between mind and body (Hansell & Damour, (2008). Origins of Abnormal Psychology Personality disorders and mental illness always have existed in societies.
The ‘world’ of mental health briefly consists of people, services, policy, and legislation. For the individual involved in the ‘world’ of mental health their experiences of mental distress may vary in relation to the services they are part of, and what role they have within those services. The course model places the individual at the centre, with social, environmental, economic, and political influences surrounding them, and the wider factors of ethics and values surrounding these. These elements can influence each other, and all provide a framework to explore the meaning of mental distress for the individual. There have been many attempts at defining mental health or illness, each using different terminology depending on the perspectives.
By studying experiences such as his, and applying theory, clinicians answer many questions, yet in doing so raises more. As new theories arise to explain personality and behavior, studies and research into personal stories will continue to further psychology. References Hansen, J. T. (2000). Psychoanalysis and Humanism: A Review and Critical Examination of Integrationist Efforts With Some Proposed Resolutions. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(1), 21.
Running head: PERSONALITY OVERVIEW Personality Overview Joyce Hauk University of Phoenix Theories of Personality PSY/405 Jackie Grimmett Jun 16, 2012 Personality Overview Various theories allow a multitude of perspectives and since there are numerous personalities that differ from each other immensly, diverse theories are necessary for a better perspective of an individual. Personality theories are best explained by viewing two different theories and comparing how they operate against one another. Comparing these theories can help one discover more about their own personal strengths and weaknesses, assumptions, limitations, as well as what information is considered when attempting to enlightenment an individual about
Summary Evaluation and Critique V. Multicultural Application General Information The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is one out of several intelligence test designed by American psychologist David Wechsler. According to Wechsler (1944), “Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment.” While serving as the chief psychologist at Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital in New York City David Wechsler developed an array of intelligence tests known as the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. The original array of test was specifically intended to clinically assess the measurement of adult intelligence. Rejecting the proposition of an ideal mental age in which an individual’s aptitude can be measured he proposed standard intelligence as the mean test score for an entire age group; the mean could then be represented by 100 on a standard scale and a standard deviation of 15. The Wechsler-Bellevue test spread like wildfire.
An eclectic mixture of intelligence theories exists, including Gardener’s theory of multiple intelligences, Thurstone’s theory of primary mental abilities, Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence and Spearman’s theory of g (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011, Gottfredson, 2003). The emergent field of cognitive epidemiology studies intelligence effects on health outcomes. The implications are significant. The relationship between the decline in cognitive ability and the increase in conditions such as dementia are noted, both for the individual and the broader community. Early intervention in
Running head: RORSCHACH TEST Rorschach Test Critique Liberty University Abstract The Rorschach test also known as the Rorschach inkblot test or simply the Inkblot test) is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex scientifically derived algorithms, or both. Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and emotional functioning. It has been employed to detect an underlying thought disorder, especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their thinking processes openly. The test is named after its creator, Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach. Rorschach Test In the 1960s, the Rorschach was the most widely used projective test.
Therefore, understanding the impact of a person’s mental health developmental problem and its medical features becomes a paramount issue when it comes to diagnosis and medical intervention (Kenrick, 2009). In mental health, being normal or abnormal depends on different conditions or circumstances. Similarly, the term ‘abnormal’ has different explanations biologically and psychologically. In order to analyze practical and theoretical challenges in defining the term ‘abnormal’, three approaches are used. The first approach is the statistical abnormality.
Currently, hypnotherapy is primarily used as a treatment modality of psychological distress. Some of the approaches used in hypnotherapy easily align with positive psychology’s focus on an individual’s strengths (Guse, 2012), but it also has the ability to allow individuals to tap into their mental and intellectual processes, taking on a cognitive approach; as well as addressing conditioning, a behavioral approach to psychotherapy. (Kagan, Segal & Havemann, 2004, p.554) Modern psychotherapy uses various approaches to address an innumerable amount of diagnosable mental and behavioral disorders. According to various task forces in the United States and the United Kingdom, cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy are empirically supported therapies (EST’s) that have shown to be useful in the treatment of depression. (Kagan, Segal & Havemann, 2004, p.561)The majority of scientific research and empirical evidence of the efficacy of hypnotherapy as an adjunct treatment lies within the realm of cognitive behavior