Running Head: PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Introduction This paper is intended to discuss the psychoanalytic theory as developed by Sigmund Feud. The paper will also discuss the differences between the relational and isolated-mind view of human and emotion distress. I will also discuss the Heinz Kohut’s psychology of the self. I will also take time to highlight the differences between a theory that understands emotional distress as emanating from the inside of the patient alone versus theories that understand distress as emanating from the relational contexts in which self objects needs are not being met. Further still, I will discuss the differences between the theories that see the patient’s behavior as coming from patients mind alone versus the theories that see the patient as reacting to his/her environment.
It is a generalised concept that if the cause of the symptoms were tackled it would only be logical that the symptoms would then cease. The Psychodynamic theory assumes the personality is split into three parts, the id (most primitive, instinctive part we have from birth), the ego (logical, balances out the id and superego) and the superego or moral part of our personality. These areas influence our behaviour as well as the defence mechanisms of the ego, and the psychosexual stages of development. Defence mechanisms are used
The aim of trait theory is to produce general principles of why people behave differently in different situations. Questionnaires, for example Eysenck’s Personality Inventory (EPI), are used to produce psychometric inventories, which are a measure of personality traits. This is a scientific approach, facilitating prediction of how a particular person will react in a specific situation. Other trait theorists (e.g. Kant) considered traits to be categorical.
Psychodynamic Personality Theories: An Analysis Psychodynamic Personality Theories: An Analysis The psychodynamic theories of personality are a collection of theories that developed from Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, and just as Freud’s theory, the psychodynamic theories give ample emphasis to unconscious processes, and the effects of early childhood experiences into personality formation (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief analysis on the strengths and limitations of the psychodynamic theories of personality as it explains individual behavior. The following include as well the answers of how psychodynamic theories affect individual personalities, the influences of such assumptions on interpersonal relationships. Effects of Psychodynamic Theories on Personality Psychodynamic theories focus on human personalities. The psychodynamics theories of personality developed from Sigmund Freud’s thoughts and believes, which mainly focuses on human drives such as sexual and aggressive drives (C, 2006).
The psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behaviour and mental processes reflect constant and unconscious struggles within person. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud's original ideas, but most would view normal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately.
Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT PAPER Psychosocial Stage of Development Paper Name University of Phoenix PSYCH 504 Instructor December 18, 2011 Psychosocial Stage of Development Paper Erik Erikson was a psychoanalyst who developed the theory of psychosocial development. Erikson believed that the achievements and failures of early childhood stages influence the later stages whereas later stages modify and transform earlier ones (Erikson, 2011). Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial theory explains eight developmental stages in which “physical, cognitive, instinctual, and sexual changes combine to generate an internal crisis whose resolution results in either psychosocial regression or growth and the development of specific virtues” (Erikson, 2011, par. 1). Included in this paper will be an explanation of the eight stages of Erikson’s psychosocial theory, and the current stages of development that I am currently in.
Psychodynamic Theorists Leandra Matos PSYCH/645 Phillip E. Morris, Psy.D. Psychodynamic theorists are theorists that utilize the psychodynamic approach founded by famous psychologist Sigmund Freud. The psychodynamic approach deals heavily with the concept of making sense out of individual’s relationships, experiences, how they view situations around them and overall emotional human functioning. There are several theorists that have contributed to the psychodynamic approach of psychology that include Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler and Carl C. Jung. These psychologists and theorists all stemmed from the knowledge and efforts of Sigmund Freud.
D171 Introduction to counselling Sarah Rouiched TMA01 PART A The psychodynamic counselling signifies one of the most important traditions within counselling and psychotherapy. It was developed by one of the founders of modern psychology; Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939). This approach became known around the 1900’s and used, modified and developed by others (as cited in McLeod, 2008, pg. 90-91). The cognitive-behavioural approach also represents an importance to counselling.
As it focuses on conscious experiences it is able to help a person have a healthy transition from reactionary behaviours to thoughtful actions. It reflects the clients feelings back to them. Psychodynamic theory The psychodynamic approach was founded by psychologist Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory but the psychodynamic approach as a whole is based upon theories from his ideas. These came from Jung, Erikson and Adler.
However both are deterministic in their approaches, both in effect reduce the client to an aspect of their life or personality (behaviourism focused on reinforcement of stimulus-response behaviour; psychoanalysis on unconscious irrational and instinctive forces determining human thought and behaviour) and both tended to use directive approaches by the therapist to resolving the problem issues. In 1943, Abraham Maslow published his paper A Theory of Human Motivation which posited that people have a hierarchy of needs, from the most basic, physiological needs, through ‘safety’ needs; love and social needs and ‘esteem’ needs, ending with the need for self-actualisation. This hierarchy is often depicted as a triangle, with ‘physiological needs’ at the bottom, and ‘self-actualisation’ at the summit. The theory is that the ‘lower’ or more basic needs must be met before a person can