Investigation of the effect of Substrate concentration on Catalase activity Research Question: To investigate enzyme kinetics, using catalase enzyme from the yeast extract. Background Information: Enzymes are proteins which catalyze reactions that take place in the body or they increase the rate of the biological reactions. In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the substrate binds to the active site and forms the enzyme-substrate complex with the enzyme. The enzyme breaks the bonds present in the substrate; the final product of this reaction leaves the enzyme which remains unchanged after the reaction. Catalase is a substance which is produced by the liver to break down hydrogen peroxide.
Question: Can a rubber balloon be inflated by yeast and sugar? Background information: Yeasts are unicellular organisms also known as the mircro-organisms that makes bread rise. In the absence of oxygen gas, yeasts carry out fermentation and convert sugar (glucose) into another organic compound (lactic acid or ethyl alcohol) and carbon dioxide gas which create the bubbles in bread and cause the bread to rise. Fermentation is an example of a chemical change that forms a gas. During the process of fermentation, the sugar molecules brake down to release the energy yeasts use to live and carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.
It is produced by the fermentation of sugars with yeast and is concentrated by distillation to be used as fuel. The fermentation of starch involves the starch being converted into a sugar so it needs to be broken down to simpler glucose molecules through hydrolysis. Starch is converted enzymatically to glucose by an enzyme called amylase. The enzyme is a biological catalyst which speeds up the rate of the reaction. The resulting dextrose from the starch is then fermented into ethanol with the aid of yeast which produces carbon dioxide.
Starch is converted enzymatically to glucose either by diastase presented in sprouting grain, or by fungal amylase. The result is fermented to ethanol with the help of yeast producing CO2
Biology – Topic 5 – On the wild side. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process where energy from light is used to break apart strong bonds in H20 molecules – hydrogen is combined with CO2 to form glucose, and O2 is released into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis occurs in a series of reactions, but the overall reaction is: 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 The energy is stored in the glucose until the plants release it by respiration. Plant and animal cells release energy from glucose, this is called respiration. There are two types of respiration: Aerobic (using oxygen) and Anaerobic (no oxygen).
Biology practical – Investigating fermentation 25/11/08 Research Question Which sugars cause yeast to respire anaerobically and produce the most CO2 out of glucose, fructose and lactose? Variables Independent The sugar solution used as a substrate for the yeast. Dependent The amount of carbon dioxide produced by the yeast in 5 minutes. Controlled Temperature of the water bath used to put the yeast in, yeast concentration (30%), sugar concentration (15%. ), the volumes of the yeast and sugar solutions (3cm3 each,), all apparatus that is used.
In this experiment we used 30% glucose. Glycolysis requires enzymes which degrade glucose to lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation follows the same enzymactic paathway for the first couple steps. The enzymes of glycolysis , lactate dehydrogenase, that is replaced by some more enzymes in alcoholic fermentation. These enzymes, pyruvate decarboxylase, convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethanol in the alcohol fermentation process.
All living organisms have enzymes. Enzymes are globular proteins that selectively speed up (catalyze) the rates of chemical reactions. In our experiment we used yeast which contains catalase, our enzyme, which will react with our substrate, hydrogen peroxide thus making oxygen gas that we can measure. In our first experiment we examined hot and cold temperatures impact on catalase activity our research question was, ‘what is the relationship between temperature and yeast catalase activity?’ Our hypothesis was: If we test cold and hot temperatures, then colder temperatures will have more catalase activity than hotter temperatures. In our 2nd, we examined the effect of warmer temperature.
Cellular Respiration Autumn Truong October 15, 2013 5th Period Introduction Cited from the lab guide cellular respiration is the process of changing the chemical energy of organic molecules into a type that can be used by organisms. The equation for this process: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy If enough oxygen is available, glucose may be oxidized and from looking at the equation above, if glucose is the energy source, then for every molecule of oxygen that is consumed, one molecule of carbon is produced. In simpler terms, carbon dioxide is formed as oxygen is used. The pressure, due to C02, might cancel out any change due to the consumption of oxygen. To fix this issue, the chemical potassium hydroxide will be added that will selectively take out C02.
How are these electron carriers reoxidized in anaerobic bacteria? How are these electron carriers reoxidized in aerobic bacteria? 3. (24 points) Aerobic eukaryotic organisms use the unique abilities of mitochondria to extract further energy from glucose (and other nutrients). a) The citric acid cycle completes the degradation of glucose.