The first written language was created known as cuneiforms, a symbolic way to record trades and stories. This is the format for which the first written law was created, the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was written by the ruler of Babylon at this time Hammurabi, the first dynasty king of the city-state of Babylon.
The buildings of the central government were typically open-air temples constructed of wood or sandstone. The earliest hieroglyphs appear just before this period, though little is known of the spoken language they represent. In about 3600 BC, Egyptian society along the Nile River began to grow and advance rapidly toward civilization. [2] A new and distinctive pottery, which was related to the pottery of the Southern Levant, appeared during this time. Extensive use of copper became common during this time.
Of these the pyramids were very notable, according to archaeological evidence; it has been shown that the ancient Mayans began building their characteristic ceremonial structures, known as Mayan Pyramids or Pyramid-Temples, about 3,000 years back. Mayan pyramids, in fact, were built in a wide variety of forms to serve a wide variety of functions, apart from religious ones, according to the customs of each region as well as period. (New World Encyclopedia. Web. 03 Dec. 2009) They also built temples; the temples were impressive and decorated structures themselves.
The ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to record and communicate information about the religion and government. Therefore, they invented written scripts that could be use to hold and record this information. The most famous Egyptian script was hieroglyphic, however throughout the three thousand years of history, at least three other scripts were used for different objectives. The scripts were tools for scribes, so that they were able to preserve the beliefs, history, and ideas of ancient Egypt on papyrus scrolls. One of the most unique traits of the Egyptians was their architectural innovation for building pyramids.
The number of symbols was reduced to 600 signs, which increasingly were phonological. By 2500 BCE the scribe would use a reed stylus with a wedge-shaped tip to stamp or imprint (rather than draw) single wedge-shapes in wet clay. (Cuneiform comes from the Latin term cuneus, meaning "wedge.") The direction of writing changed to left-to-right horizontal rows, which meant a right-handed scribe would not risk smudging his previous writing as he imprinted the words. The scribes also began adjusting the angle of the tablet to make a wider variety of impressions.
was the first to have left behind written records and solid archaeological evidence of its existence. Through the Shang’s written records Keightley asserts that for the first time, one can describe in confidence the Chinese civilization. Aspects such as their political system, art forms, DIs (high Gods), religious practices, Ancestors, Tablet & Temples, rituals of their society, diet & agriculture and even warfare could now be learned through written records known as oracle-bone inscriptions and Bronze inscriptions. The oracle-bone inscriptions as described by Keightley were made on the back of a turtle shell or cattle scapula. The process first started by applying intense heat to hollows bored into the shell or scapula.
The stone holds the translation of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. This is almost like a translation of the Egyptian language. Hieroglyphics was a form of communication used by priests and scribes (Sayre 75). First glance, many may see this as a slab of stone with writing on it. I myself even saw it as a slab of stone with writing on it, but when I looked deeper into it, I grew a great interest in it.
The early people who scraped primitive drawings onto cave walls used some of the same tools and techniques that artisans still use today. Since then engraving gave the beginning for the art of inlay! D. Preview: Because the entire history of the art of inlay up to modern times is too extensive i will focus only on three questions: Why did people inlay? what materials and technique do modern artists use for inlay? Transition: Let`s find out why ancient people did inlay.
Civilization is known as urban and includes some formal institutions such as the use of writing, religion, art, monumental architecture, law and the production of metal. They share the earliest periods of human development while great civilizations developed in the Indus, Yellow, and Supe River valleys, the civilization that we call Western. full development by societies also develops organized religion, trade and commerce, arts and crafts, math and science. It traces its origins to two distinct roots. One of these was the "land between the rivers," Mesopotamia, the "Fertile Crescent".
The article “The History of Hinduism” talks about the Indus Valley Civilization as an origin of the Hinduism and discuss the "Aryan Invasion” hypothesis. Hinduism is the oldest living religion in the world, and the first evidence of it was dated 2000 BC. Since its great age and absence of a founder, the early history of Hinduism is very hard to rebuild. According the author of this article, because the most early writings are already interpreted, the scholars have to believe in the “educated guesses based on archaeology and the study of contemporary texts.” In fact, in 1921, the first evidences of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization were discovered along the Indus River, and it was found that it is originated as early as 7000 BC. There were physical evidences founded that supports the idea that this region is the origin of the Hinduism.