Some of the world’s most serious and deadly diseases are viral. In order to cause disease bacteria must enter the body. Routes for bacteria include; cuts, contact with infected faeces, contaminated food or water, close contact with an infected person, breathing in droplets from an infected persons cough or sneeze or indirectly by touching a contaminated surface. Viruses can be spread from one person to another through coughs and sneezes, vomit, exposure to infected bodily fluids, sexual intercourse and sharing infected needles. Fungi infections, there are several types of fungal infections.
In the meantime they rob your system of nutrition, loading you down with their excretions and secretions these include Lice and Ringworm 1.3 Colonisation is when a bacterial strain invades a region of your body and starts to rapidly divide - it sets up a new colony Infection is similar but only usually used for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria - that is it does not usually refer to bacteria that normally inhabit us 1.4 Localised infection is restricted to a ceratin region of your body Systemic infection means that the infection is throughout your body. This usually means that the bacteria have been able to invade either your ciculatory system or the lymphatic system and spread 1.5 Some of the poor practises that may
The Immune system normally functions to protect against foreign invaders by sending out certain cells that attack and destroy the ailment affecting your body, like an infection or a cold. But with lupus the immune system becomes hyperactive that the immune system begins attacking the body itself. What happens is the immune system sends out what is called B cells to attack an infection, but in Lupus the B cells live longer then they should. These B cells produce an antibody,
1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites The most common illnesses and infections that occur due to bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are Dioreah, Vomiting, Influenza, Nail infections, Tick bites, Colds, Skin Conditions, Digestive Problems ( Parasites - Worms ) and in some cases, Death. 1.3 Describe what is meant by “Infection” and “Colonisation” As defined by : www.freedictionary.com INFECTION Invasion by and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue, which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellular or toxic mechanisms. This means that Infection is the process of infecting or being infected. COLONISATION A mass of microorganisms in a culture that originates from a single cell. This means that when either a Virus, Bacteria, Fungi or parasites in the single form, gather and join to make one mass of either Virus, Bacteria, Fungi or parasites.
The term “innate” is used as these mechanisms are present at birth which allows the body to defend against pathogens it has yet to experience. The last line of defense is known as specific immunity which is the body’s ability to retain memory of a previous invader allowing it to quickly identify it and initiate an appropriate response should it be exposed again in the future. (Thompson, 2013, p. 314) Specific immunity employs two essential mechanisms to destroy pathogens both inside and outside of cells. These are known as cell-mediated and antibody mediated immunity. Cell-mediated immunity aims to destroy either foreign or host cells that have become infected by a pathogen while antibody mediated immunity sends out antibodies to “mark” pathogens outside of the host cell(s) for later destruction.
Viruses: A virus needs a host cell to replicate. Viruses are immune to antibiotics and are spread in the air or by direct contact, which mean they probably are more commonly caught from each other. They can lead to serious or sometimes deadly diseases such as aids. Virus can also cause chickenpox, common cold and influenza. Parasites: A parasite is an organism that lives in another organism.
Fistulas are abnormal connections between different parts of the intestine or another organ. The development of internal fistulas, may allow food to bypass areas of the bowel where absorption occurs. External fistulas can lead to drainage of bowel contents to the skin. Some fistulas may become infected and form abscesses, a life-threatening
The portal of entry and the portal of exit are virtually the same and include: the respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract and the skin. Some conditions that could potentially make a host more susceptible to an infection are: A compromised immune system, the age of the host (very young or very old are more susceptible), stress, overall poor health or a pre-existing injury (LabPaq, p. 202). Three primary modes of transmission are: direct, droplet and indirect. In direct transmission the disease is spread by close contact with another person via skin or bodily secretions. An example of direct transmission would be a contagion spread by an infected person kissing a non-infected person.
For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus — a harmless bacterium that resides in your intestines — helps you digest food, destroys some disease-causing organisms and provides nutrients. Many disease-causing bacteria produce toxins — powerful chemicals that damage cells and make you ill. Bacteria can multiply very rapidly if given the right environment. Viruses are much smaller than cells. In fact, viruses can only be seen by electronic microscope. To reproduce, viruses invade cells in your body, hijacking the machinery that makes cells work.
– A transplanted organ contains substances which the immune system recognises as being foreign. These substance acts as ANTIGENS. – This stimulates the body to make antibodies and other substances which attack and can possibly destroy the organ • Identify defence adaptations, including: □ Inflammation response: □ Phagocytosis: □ Lymph system: □ Cell death to seal off pathogen: – SECOND LINE OF