The restoration of the English monarchy The restoration of the Stuart kings in 1660 failed to solve the problems of religion and the relationship between King and Parliament. The Test Act of 1673 stipulated that only Church of England members could vote, hold office, preach, teach, attend the universities, or assemble, but these restrictions could not be enforced. Charles II appointed a council of five men (the "Cabal") to serve as both his major advisers and as members of Parliament. The Cabal was the forerunner of the cabinet system, and it helped create good relations with the Parliament. Charles's proFrench policies led to a Catholic scare.
When the Hundred Years War broke out, both side decided to use their ability to tax the church granted to the kings by the church as a repayment for the crusades. When the church refused to pay France, they kidnapped Pope Boniface VIII. The Pope died soon after his rescue and the cardinals elected a French pope so as not to stir trouble again. But instead of moving to Rome, the new Pope Clement V stayed in Avignon. A new string of Popes would settle in Avignon for the next 70 years where the French kings were able to maintain a firm hold on the papacy.
Italy was not a democracy in 1896 so the right to vote was held only by the rich due to the parliament being dominated by wealthy landowners, businessmen and professional classes; this resulted in the masses having no say in the Italian government and suggested a low level of equality which consequently led to mass levels of unrest. Evidence of this is where riots occurred on a widespread, regular basis; over 100 protestors were killed in a clash with the army in Milan, 1898 over increased food prices. This level of crisis was most present in the less advanced and more agricultural based South as opposed to the wealthy, rapidly developing North of Italy. This divide was further developed when the new Italian government abolished internal tariffs by creating free trade that did, theoretically create some level of economic unity but was crippling for the small
Constantine included Christianity along without alienating other religions. This wasn’t viewed as unusual; the Roman culture was typically accepting of other religions. It was the previous Emperor “Dioclestian” that instigated Christian persecution. In ancient Egypt “Akhenaten” was viewed as the persecutor of the Old Gods, first demoting them and finally eliminating them. When he and his co-ruler died, “Tutankamun” became Pharaoh and the priesthood resumed control of their temples.
This Crusade failed to rouse any monarchs. Led largely by French knights, the Crusade set out for the Holy Land in 1202 only to be distracted by Venetian lords who convinced them to capture the wealth and splendor of Eastern Orthodox Constantinople instead. Held in
The Irish would take any unskilled jobs they could find in order to earn money; however, there were only a limited amount of unskilled jobs (historyplace.com). The Americans became so overwhelmed with the amount of Irish immigrants that they started to hang “no Irish need apply” signs in the stores, factories, and workshops to keep the Irish from finding jobs and earning money. This type of redlining kept the Irish from finding jobs and care for their children properly. Many Irish lost their children due to illnesses caused by the poor living conditions the Irish were forces to live in. Many Irish were also uneducated and therefore would turn to the streets in order to earn money, and many Irish children would beg in the streets for
Martin Luther in On Christian Freedom wrote, “For Holy Scripture makes no distinction between them, except that those who are now boastfully called popes, bishops, and lords….” He said that Pope or bishop are no different than other people. The Condemnation of Wycliffe 1382 and Wycliffe's Reply, 1384, Wycliffe wrote, “That if a man has been truly repentant, all external confession is superfluous to him or useless.” Wycliffe presented his view on Catholic Church and was excommunicated by Pope Gregory XI because Wycliffe asserted that people do not need bishop for
The new German government led by Dr. Wilhelm Cuno had certainly been forewarned. But the Germans' offers on reparations and a mutual security pact for the Rhine, intended to forestall the invasion, had been brusquely turned down by the French government. The conservative British government, led now by Conservative Prime Minister Andrew Bonar Law, announced that it could "neither approve nor take part in this operation". But no action was taken to restrain the French. The motives behind the French action : the "Rhinegold" or the Rhine?
In 1955, Sihanouk resigned from power, and never again returned to the throne. Although he never regained full control of Cambodia, Sihanouk made some important decisions for Cambodia as chief of state. One of these important decisions was that Cambodia would not join any side in the Vietnam War. This choice did not mean that Cambodia wouldn’t be directly affected by the war. North Vietnamese soldiers intruded Cambodia and used the country as their refuge.
So what happened?? Without self-sufficient crops, many fell into poverty… …And were taken over by the bigger farms. However, wheat imports fell by 75%… …But exports of olive oil, wine meat and eggs fell, as countries didn’t trade with Italy – “He’s not buying my wheat, I won’t buy his wine. hah!” Price of bread rose. A huge propaganda campaign was released to try and help them achieve autarky.