(Chaudry, 2011, para. 5) Botulism also impairs the neuromuscular junctions. The release of the Botulinum toxin will eventually lead to respiratory and musculoskeletal paralysis. (Chaudry, 2011, para. 5) Botulism can also be contracted through an open wound.
It is basically a very bad stomach bug that will have you in the bathroom for long periods of time. 2. Giardia lives inside the intestines of infected humans or animals. Individuals become infected through ingesting or coming into contact with contaminated food, soil, or water. The Giardia parasite originates from contaminated items and surfaces that have been tainted by the feces of an infected person or animal.
Other symptoms include stomach pain and tenderness, nausea, anorexia, and occasional fever. Young children, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised often die from dehydration before the parasite has a chance to attack the liver. Healthy adults can usually survive beyond the initial dehydration and progress into the liver failure stage of Amebiasis, which is difficult and expensive to treat and will ultimately lead to death if left untreated. After breaking through the mucosal lining of the stomach and intestines, the parasite migrates to the liver and begins eating it, causing infected, pus oozing abscesses. Without treatment the abscesses can grow and expand until the liver fails completely.
There is a possibility of a crackling under the skin when compressed slightly, and an inability to contract the muscle in the affected area. Pathogenicity. The Clostridial bacteria most commonly infect a pre-existing wound either from injury or surgery. Because it is an anaerobic bacterium it will thrive in an environment with devitalized tissue. Once the infection has occurred the bacteria produce a toxic gas that kills muscle, providing an even more anaerobic area, which explains such rapid spread in the body.
Shigella bacteria also can be passed in contaminated food or by drinking or swimming in contaminated water. Children between the ages of 2 and 4 are most likely to get shigella infection. A mild case usually clears up on its own within a week. When treatment is needed, doctors generally prescribe antibiotics. Symptoms: •Diarrhea (often containing blood or mucus) •Abdominal cramps •Fever Causes: Infection occurs when you accidentally swallow shigella bacteria.
It occurs when infection develops inside the muscles or organs, more than likely from a trauma. Clostridium perfringens releases dangerous toxins into the body along with gas which can be trapped inside the tissue of muscles or organs. As the infection prolongs, the skin may become a pale-grayish color, and if you press the skin or put pressure on a tissue it may make a crackling noise because of the gas inside the tissue. (6) If you are diagnosed with gas gangrene you would need immediate medical treatment or death could occur in 48 hours. In Gas gangrene, the bacteria Clostridia release alpha, beta and other toxins, which induce blood clotting in the infection and leads to myonecrosis.The gas in Gas gangrene is composed of five different gases combined together such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide..
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: is the prime cause of life threatening burn infections. Gram- bacilli commonly found in the soil, water and an intestinal resident in 10% of normal people. Resistant to quats, soaps, dyes, drugs , drying , and temperature extremes. Frequent contaminant of hot
This organism infects the “gastrointestinal epithelium to produce a diarrhea that is self-limited in immune-competent people but potentially life-threatening in immune-suppressed people” (Magi et. al). Cryptosporidiosis is especially life-threatening in those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome also known as AIDS. Infection by this parasite accounts for up to 6 percent of all diarrheal diseases in immune-competent people. The infection is also present in up to 24 percent of people with both AIDS and diarrhea
URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. CAUSES: Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. Although the urinary system is designed to keep out such microscopic invaders, these defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.
As the diarrhoea becomes worse the victim can keep no food or water in his or her body. They will dehydrate and die within 2 days if they are left untreated. Cholera can be cured by the patient drinking a salt solution to get rid of stagnant water etc. These conditions also cause dysentery and typhoid fever. Both of these diseases affect people badly by causing; internal bleeding in the abdomen which can be fatal, as well as headaches, stomach cramps and constipation followed by severe diarrhoea.