What Arguments Does Plato Use In His Criticism Of Poetry And Drama In Republic X, And How Successful Are They?

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In his criticism of poetry Plato uses various arguments to convince Glaucon and consequently the reader of poetry’s imitative nature and ultimately, its bad effect on the ideal state. His arguments are many and varied, as he uses many examples of everyday life making it easy for the reader to be persuaded. Plato starts off by introducing the concept that there are three levels, or three removes, of each thing. The real idea, or form, is unique. For example, Plato says that there is only one real bed, made by god. This is called the form of the bed, the ideal, the true bed, of which there is only one. Had god made more than one beds, the second one would be a representation of a bed, and hence not the real thing. Plato then moves on to classify the beds created by the craftsman and the painter respectively. The craftsman, he says, is one remove away from the truth, because he imitates the form, and the painter is two removes away from the truth because he imitates the bed of the craftsman. This means, according to Plato, that, because the craftsman has his eye on the form, and because he meticulously studies the form of the bed by all angles in order to create it, his skill is superior to that of the painter, who merely imitates without examining the actual construction of the bed. The craftsman’s bed bears some relation to the form, whereas the painter’s doesn’t, as it only partly duplicates the imitated object due to the painter’s ignorance of the subject. Plato directly relates the painter to the poet. The theory of forms is merely a parallel to the poet’s imitative techniques. Dramatic poetry, as defined by Plato, is the representation of human beings in action, in which they fare well or ill and experience joy and sorrow. However, according to the analogy with the painter, poetry merely gives a second hand account of these actions, and therefore it should

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