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Chapter 3 1. What are the main components of attitudes? Are these components related or unrelated? Answer: Cognitive component – the opinion or belief of an attitude Affective component – the emotional or felling segment of an attitude Behavioral component – an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something They are closely related, particularly cognition and affect. As a manager, you need to understand how attitudes are formed and the relationship to actual job behavior. 2. Does behavior always follow from attitudes? Why or why not? Discuss the factors that affect whether behavior follows from attitudes. Answer: No, sometimes the reverse is true according to Leon Festinger. Cognitive Dissonance: is any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Individuals seek to reduce this uncomfortable gap, or dissonance, to reach stability and consistency. Consistency is achieved by changing the attitudes, modifying the behaviors, or through rationalization. The desire to reduce dissonance depends on: * Importance of elements * Degree of individual influence * Rewards involved in dissonance 3. What are the major job attitudes? In what ways are these attitudes alike? What is unique about each? Answer: Job Satisfaction - A positive feeling about the job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. Job Involvement -Degree of psychological identification with the job where perceived performance is important to self-worth. Psychological Empowerment is another closely related concept that is the belief in the degree of influence over the job, competence, job meaningfulness, and autonomy. Organizational Commitment - Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, while wishing to maintain membership in the organization. Organizational commitment has three
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