Week 10 Problems

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Week 10 Problems 1. Given the following information: Total assets $100,000 Debt (12% interest rate) $80,000 Equity $20,000 Variable costs of production $14 per unit Fixed cost of production $27,000 Units Sold 12,300 Sales price $19.75 per unit What happens to operating income and net income if output is increased by 10 percent? Verify your answer. Revenue: $19.75*(12,300) = $242,925 Expenses: $14*(12,300) = $172,200 Operating Income: $242,925-$172,200 = $70,725 Net Income: $72,725- (.12*$80,000) = $63,125 With 10% increase in revenue: Revenue: $19.75*(13,530) = $267,217.50 Expenses: $14*(13,530) = $189,420 Operating Income: $267,217.50- $189,420 =$77,797.50 Net Income: $77,797.50 - (.12*$80,000) =$38,197.50 Operating Income rose from $70,725 to $77,797.50 for a 91% increase. Net income dropped from $63,125 to $38,197.50 which cuts losses by $24,927.50. Losses were cut by 61%. 2. A firm needs $100 to start and has the following expectations: Sales $200 Expenses $185 Tax rate 33% of earnings o What are earnings if the owners invest the $100? $10.05 o If the firm borrows $40 of the $100 at an interest rate of 10%, what are the firm's net earnings? $7.37 No financial leverage With financial leverage Sales $200 $1,600 Expenses $185 $185 EBIT 15 15 Interest 0 $4 EBT 15 11 Taxes 4.95 3.63 Net earnings $10.05 $7.37 o What is the return on the owners' investment in each case? Why do the returns differ? Return on equity: $10.05/$100 =10.05% $7.37/$40 = 18.425% The return for b is higher due to the financial leverage use being successful. The reduction of taxes with the financial leverage resulted in a reduction in taxes from the interest expense. o If expenses rise to $194, what will be the returns in each case? No financial leverage With financial leverage Sales $200 $1,600 Expenses $194 $194 EBIT 6 6 Interest 0 $4 EBT

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