Aldolase B is considered the chief aldolase isoenzyme that is responsible for fructose metabolism and gluconeogenesis within the liver. This is turn, produces fructose 1,6-biphosphate from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. When fructose is ingested, the body cannot change its energy storage substance glycogen to glucose. When glucose builds up in the liver, the blood sugar falls resulting in hypoglycemia. (PubmedHealth, 2009) Fructose 1 phosphate which is the substrate of Aldolase B is split by Aldolase.
Vitamin losses can occur through chemical reactions which lead to inactive products. With regards to food chemistry, the main concern is to maximize vitamin retention by minimizing aqueous extraction (leaching) and chemical changes such as oxidation and reaction with other food constituents for a small vitamin deficiency can already cause diseases in humans (Fennema, 1996). Vitamins are mainly classified into two based on solubility: the fat soluble vitamins and the water soluble vitamins. Fat soluble vitamins are composed of Vitamins A, D, E and K while
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble. (Young & Anderson, 2008) Vitamin A plays an important role in many bodily functions such as bone growth, cell division, reproduction, vision, and gene expression. The eyes and skin, as well as mucus membranes in the nose, mouth throat and lungs also require vitamin A for moisture. Good sources of vitamin A include dairy products, liver, and fish. Beta carotene, which is found in fruits and vegetables, can be converted by the body into vitamin A.
It has been proven that magnesium produces a complex with oxalate and lowers the CaOx output in the urine which then lessens the chances of forming kidney stones. Hypocalcemia- When the kidneys are having issues and develop kidney stones, this can cause more calcium to come out through urine which then lowers the calcium number in the body. This also makes it harder for the kidneys to activate any Vitamin D so when a patient is low on calcium a supplement is given to increase the numbers. Lack of calcium can also cause symptoms such as twitching and muscle aches. Hypercalcemia- When it comes to kidney stones, calcium has a lot to do with the formation of them.
NATURAL RESOURCES: Nuts, figs, seeds, dark-green vegetables, wheat bran, avocados, bananas. IRON: Present in all cells; one of the constituents of hemoglobin which carries oxygen to the tissues by blood circulation. NATURAL RESOURCES: Liver, meat, raw clams, oysters, oatmeal, nuts, beans, wheat germ. IODINE: Aids thyroid gland and prevents goiter; helps burn fat; converts carotene into Vitamin A; aids absorption of carbohydrates from small intestine; promotes growth; regulates energy production; maintains hair, nails skin and teeth. NATURAL SOURCES: Kelp, seafood, vegetables.
In a heat-dependent process, previtamin D3 is immediately converted to vitamin D. Excess UVB rays transform previtamin D3 into biologically inactive metabolites, tachysterol and lumisterol. Vitamin D2 is plant derived, produced exogenously by irradiation of ergosterol, and enters the circulation through diet. Both vitamin D precursors resulting from exposure to the sunshine and the diet are converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (calcidiol) when they enter the liver. 25(OH)D is the major
Hydrogenation also extends the shelf life of these fatty acids, and preserves them through better stabilization. “When the hydrogen’s are on opposite sides of the double bond, called the trans configuration, the fatty acid is a trans fatty acid.” (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006) Trans fatty acids can increase your risk of heart disease. Saturated and trans fats are considered the worst for your health due to the proven increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke, and high cholesterol levels according to the American Heart Association (2010). Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are better for your diet, and contain some of the best fatty acids, Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids. These lipids can actually help reduce your risk of heart disease, and cholesterol related health
(2 marks) A drug of same size and shape, as that of a substrate, which fits into the active site of an enzyme will act as a competitive inhibitor and the reaction is termed as competitive inhibition. The drug will compete with the substrate molecule for the active site of an enzyme, thus, it will decrease the rate of substrate-enzyme reaction by binding to the active site of enzyme. The rate of competitive inhibition reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of inhibitor present. 2. Glucose travels in the plasma or liquid part of your blood but cholesterol (triglycerides) travel bound to protein carriers in the blood.
There are 13 types of vitamins which are categorized in two different groups: water soluble (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12), and fat-soluble (A, D, E and K). Each of these vitamins can be supplied by different variety of foods such as vegetables, dairy and animal products, they play very vital part to help body function properly, for example vitamin A is needed for eyesight and lack of it can cause blindness. It is also required for growth of body cells and help to have strong bones. Fat- soluble vitamin can be stored in body tissues; unlike water soluble vitamins which must be taken often, fat- soluble vitamins are not essential to be taken daily(Buller 24-25).
Fats containing unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature such as ground-nut oil, musturd oil etc, Proteins- The proteins are highly complex organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins are made up of nitrogen containing compounds called amino acids, Proteins are very Important for the growth and repair of the body. Kwashiorkar is a disease which occurs due to the deficiency of proteins In the diet of children. Whereas Marasmus occurs in the Infants (small children) due to the deficiency of proteins, Minerals- The metals, non-metals and their salts are called minerals. Our body needs minerals for its proper