Vertical Analysis, Horizontal Analysis, and Financial Ratios.

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CASE 2 Vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and financial ratios are all part of the financial statement analysis. Vertical analysis reports the amounts on the financial statement as a percentage of another item. The vertical analysis of the balance sheet is completed by restating every amount on the balance sheet as a percentage of the total assets. The total of the assets will now have to equal to a 100, and the restated amounts from the vertical analysis of the balance sheet will be presented as a common-size balance sheet. The vertical analysis of the income statement reports amounts as a percentage of sales. The restated amounts are known as a common-size income statement, horizontal analysis concentrate more on the reported numbers on the financial statements over the past years. The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Income are very important, but they don’t provide enough information for a financial management. The Ratio Analysis in financial statements is to analyze progress of the business. Ratio Analysis enables managers to compare its performance and condition with the average performance of similar businesses in the same industry. This is done by comparing the ratios of the company with the average of other similar businesses for several years, concentrating on any unsuccessful changes that may be beginning. Ratio analysis may also provide the early warning factors that could resolve problems before they increase and completely destroy the business. (Harold, 2009) Ratio analysis detailed calculations are shown below: Rate of Return on Net Sales: Is Net Income ÷ Net Sales Rate of Return on Total Assets: Net Income + Interest Expense ÷ Average Total Assets Return on Stockholders Equity: Net Income – Preferred Dividends ÷ Average Common Stockholders’ Equity (Horngren, Harrison, 2008) Working Capital: Current Assets – Current

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